Fifty-one patients with established pulmonary tuberculosis underwent clinical evaluation and endoscopic examination of the larynx to determine the manifestations of laryngeal involvement. There were 46 males and 5 females (mean age 38 years). Fever, cough and haemoptysis were the prime pulmonary complaints while hoarseness, weak voice and episodic dyspnoea were the main laryngeal symptoms. Site...

High Resolution Laryngeal Ultrasound for diagnosis of vocal cords lesions

Vocal cord papillomas are rare growths of viral etiology caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Large polyps known to obstruct glottic opening and can cause acute airway obstruction. We report a case 4-year-old male child with progressive hoarseness voice stridor posted for excision vocal papillomas. Paediatric age the patient position growth obstructing at cords provided an extremely challengin...

Optogenetic stimulation allows activation of cells with high spatial and temporal precision. Here we show direct optogenetic stimulation of skeletal muscle from transgenic mice expressing the light-sensitive channel Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Largest tetanic contractions are observed with 5-ms light pulses at 30 Hz, resulting in 84% of the maximal force induced by electrical stimulation. We dem...

Full movement of the vocal cords is necessary for life sustaining functions. To enable correct diagnosis of reduced vocal cord motion and thereby potentially enhance treatment outcomes, it is proposed to objectively determine the degree of vocal cord paralysis in contrast to the current clinical practice of subjective evaluation. Our study shows that quantitative assessment can be achieved usin...