California is the nation’s leading dairy state. Unfortunately, it is also home to two of the three worst air-sheds with respect to ozone (smog) pollution. California is also the second largest contributor of Greenhouse Gases (GHG; e.g., methane) in the nation. Current regulatory estimates suggest that dairy cows in central California emit smogforming, so-called volatile organic gases (VOCs) at ...

The effects of air pollution on health have been recognized for many hundreds of years. In London, during December 1952, a particularly bad smog, which involved extreme elevations of both SO 2 and black smoke, was associated with more than 1,000 extra deaths during a 5-d period (1). The majority of the pollution responsible for smogs is derived from the domestic and industrial burning of fossil...

Recently we have demonstrated that grass and cut grass are important sources of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions into the atmosphere. The production of these VOCs can be traced back to plant growth, maintenance and wound defence mechanisms. The gases emitted as part of these wound defence mechanisms are responsible for the smell of freshly cut grass, and are also highly photochemically...

Smoke from domestic wood burning has been identified as a major contributor to air pollution, motivating detailed emission measurements under controlled conditions. A series of experiments was performed to characterise the emissions from wood combustion in a fireplace and in a woodstove of two common species of trees grown in Spain: Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and black poplar (Populus nig...

OUTDOOR/INDOOR AIR QUALITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN LISBON: A PRELIMINARY STUDY. Simultaneous measurements of outdoor and indoor pollution were performed at three schools in Lisbon. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde and NO 2 were passively monitored over a two-week period. Bacterial and fungal colony-forming units and comfort parameters were also monitored at classrooms and playgroun...

The authors and collaborators have devised innovative technologies that decrease foundry costs, pollution, materials use, and energy. These include: (a) applying advanced oxidation to green sand and baghouse dust to diminish clay, coal, sand, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and costs; (b) replacing phenolic urethane core binders with collagen-alkali silicate binders to diminish VOCs; (c) rep...

Integrated assessment models have been used to explore cost effective abatement strategies in connection with negotiations on the Gothenburg protocol under the UN/ECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). A variety of spatial and temporal issues must be addressed in order to model the multi-scalar processes involved and develop nested Integrated Assessment Models (n-IAM...