As per the estimates of World Health Organization (WHO) about 80% of world’s population depends on plant and plant products for their primary healthcare. Recently the demand for herbal drugs has increased many folds at the global level, as these herbal medicines do not have any side effects and its cost effectiveness. Huge quantities of solid waste is generated during the production of decoctio...

Approximately 350 million tons of manure is produced annually by agriculture in the U.S. Manure disposal at large concentrated animal feeding operations presents a challenge. Anaerobic digestion of livestock manure to reduce odor and produce biogas for energy generation is a profitable waste management option on farms, but out of reach of most farmers because of high capital costs. For operatio...

Source segregated food waste was collected from domestic properties and its composition determined together with the average weight produced per household, which was 2.91 kg per week. The waste was fed over a trial period lasting 58 weeks to an identical pair of 1.5 m(3) anaerobic digesters, one at a mesophilic (36.5 degrees C) and the other at a thermophilic temperature (56 degrees C). The dig...

The performance of temperature-phased anaerobic digestion (TPAD) system in the stabilization of dairy cattle wastes at high solids concentrations has never been evaluated, though the process has been established as a feasible alternative to conventional mesophilic processes for the treatment of municipal wastewater sludges. In this study, the TPAD system operating at a retention time of 14 days...

The concentrations of malodorous compounds in a 0.4-ha anaerobic lagoon that received waste from approximately 2000 sows were monitored during the late summer to late fall of 2006 to gain insight into the factors influencing their concentrations. Selected malodorous compounds were measured by the use of equilibrium samplers consisting of submersible stir plates and stir bar sorbtive sampling wi...

In order to increase the use of biogas plants in Korea, a farm-scale biogas plant with a working volume of 200 m was constructed at the pig farm in Sung Hwan, Korea as a demonstration project supported by the Korean government. This plant mainly consists of an anaerobic digester processing daily 10 m pig manure and a dual-fuel engine-generator to produce heat and electricity. Digestion takes pl...

We have modified Merrifield’s resin to provide polymers containing secondary amine groups. Lithiation of the solids gives strongly basic yet poorly nucleophilic resins useful for rearrangement of epoxides to their corresponding allylic alcohols. The resins are easy to handle, non-volatile, non-toxic, and are easily recovered and reused, providing environmental and economic benefits that might h...

The biochemical methane potentials for typical fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) and food waste (FW) from a northern China city were investigated, which were 0.30, 0.56 m3 CH4/kgVS (volatile solids) with biodegradabilities of 59.3% and 83.6%, respectively. Individual anaerobic digestion testes of FVW and FW we re conducted at the organic loading rate (OLR) of 3 k g VS/(m3.day) using a lab-scale c...

BACKGROUND Ensiling is a common method of preserving energy crops for anaerobic digestion, and many scientific studies report that ensiling increases the methane yield. In this study, the ensiling process and the methane yields before and after ensiling were studied for four crop materials. RESULTS The changes in wet weight and total solids (TS) during ensiling were small and the loss of ener...

Huge amounts of waste biosolids are produced from biological processes as waste water treatment, agriculture and food production. The volatile compounds could be utilised as a source for renewable energy in anaerobic processes. However, the anaerobic degradation is slow so that large fermenters are necessary. By ultrasonic disintegration the rate limiting hydrolysis of volatile solids is substi...