We have examined thermal emission from 240 active or recently-active volcanic features on Io and quantified the magnitude and distribution of their volcanic heat flow during the Galileo epoch. We use spacecraft data and a geological map of Io to derive an estimate of the maximum possible contribution from small dark areas not detected as thermally active but which nevertheless appear to be site...

Earth's largest calderas form as the ground collapses during immense volcanic eruptions, when hundreds to thousands of cubic kilometres of magma are explosively withdrawn from the Earth's crust over a period of days to weeks. Continuing long after such great eruptions, the resulting calderas often exhibit pronounced unrest, with frequent earthquakes, alternating uplift and subsidence of the gro...

Moon Mineralogy Mapper spectroscopic observations are used to assess the mineralogy of five sites that have recently been proposed to include lunar dark mantle deposits (DMDs). Volcanic glasses have, for the first time, clearly been identified at the location of three of the proposed pyroclastic deposits. This is the first time that volcanic glasses have been identified at such a small scale on...

Plinian and subplinian volcanic eruptions can be accompanied by tephra falls which may last hours or days, posing threats to people, buildings and economic activity. Numerous historical examples exist of tephra damage and tephra casualties. The mechanisms and consequences of roof collapse from static tephra load are an important area of tephra damage requiring more research. This paper contribu...

Several studies have revealed an increased incidence of thyroid cancer in volcanic areas around the world. Hawaii and the Philippines on the rim of the Pacific Ocean, where the greatest number of volcanoes are located at convergent plate boundaries, are among the regions with the highest incidence of thyroid carcinoma worldwide. Iceland is another region also rich in volcanoes in which the high...

The article represents a nice study treating the application of an Ensemble Kalman Filter on the prediction of volcanic ash plumes distal to the emission source, exploiting the observational information of aircraft-performed mass concentration measurements. This is innovative in terms of volcanic ash dispersion forecast improvements for aviation advice because it exploits real observational in-...

The toxic element arsenic is widespread in New Zealand’s aquatic and terrestrial environments. Arsenic is ubiquitous in all of the geothermal areas and waterways that fall within or pass-through the Taupo Volcanic Zone, an area in the central North Island that stretches from Mt Ruapehu to White Island (Figure 1). On its way to the surface, super-heated geothermal water dissolves appreciable amo...

Background Vanuatu, with a population of 200,000, situated north-east of Australia, is one of the many small tropical Pacific Island nations scattered across the huge Pacific Ocean. Vanuatu consists of a young chain of rugged mountainous volcanic islands, rising high out of the sea. There are five provincial hospitals in six provinces. With an annual growth rate of 3%, more than 80% of the popu...

This paper presents latest results from the combined use of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) remote sensing and GIS providing detailed insights into recent volcanic activity under Vatnajökull ice cap (Iceland). Glaciers atop active volcanoes pose a constant potential danger to adjacent inhabited regions and infrastructure. Besides the usual volcanic hazards (lava flows, pyroclastic clouds, tephra...

The article represents a nice study treating the application of an Ensemble Kalman Filter on the prediction of volcanic ash plumes distal to the emission source, exploiting the observational information of aircraft-performed mass concentration measurements. This is innovative in terms of volcanic ash dispersion forecast improvements for aviation advice because it exploits real observational in-...