An electrically tunable focusing LC lens with a low voltage and simple planar electrodes is demonstrated. The inhomogeneous electric field of the LC lens without any hole-patterned-electrode is generated by using an embedded polymeric layer with a gradient distribution of dielectric constants (or relative permittivity). LC directors in the LC layer experience spatially inhomogeneous voltages ev...

We report, theoretically and experimentally, the realization of a high detection performance in a novel magnetoelectric (ME) transverse gradient sensor based on the large ME effect and the magnetic field gradient (MFG) technique in a pair of magnetically-biased, electrically-shielded, and mechanically-enclosed ME composites having a transverse orientation and an axial separation. The output vol...

Abstract: The existing literature predominantly concentrates on the utilization of the gradient descent algorithm for control systems’ design in power systems for stability enhancement. In this paper, various flavors of the Conjugate Gradient (CG) algorithm have been employed to design the online neuro-fuzzy linearization-based adaptive control strategy for Line Commutated Converters’ (LCC) Hig...

This article presents an optimization process applied to the sizing of high-power silicon carbide inverters. The case study is design aeronautical converter. A gradient-based method chosen for its ability explore a wide solution space with large amount constraints, which during predesign phase. Many topologies are selected and associated models developed. Among all these models, active passive ...

The dynamic characterization of a set of gold micro beams by electrostatic excitation in presence of residual stress gradient has been studied experimentally. A method to determine the micro-cantilever residual stress gradient by measuring the deflection and curvature and then identifying the residual stress model by means of frequency shift behaviour is presented. A comparison with different n...

We analyzed the transport of KCl solutions through the bacterial cellulose membrane and concentration boundary layers (CBLs) near membrane with pressure differences on the membrane. The membrane was located in horizontal-plane between two chambers with different KCL solutions. The membrane was located in horizontal-plane between two chambers with different KCL solutions. As results from the ela...

When present in micromolar amounts on one side of phospholipid bilayer membranes, monazomycin (a positively charged, polyene-like antibiotic) induces dramatic voltage-dependent conductance effects. Voltage clamp records are very similar in shape to those obtained from the potassium conductance system of the squid axon. The steady-state conductance is proportional to the 5th power of the monazom...

Ion channels are pore-forming proteins and their function is to facilitate the diffusion of ion across cell membranes by flow of ions down the electrochemical gradient. Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane ion channels and are found throughout the body which allowed a rapid and coordinated depolarization in response to voltage change in excitable cells (Catterall, 2010). Rece...