Using 1988 and 1991 data from nonprofit voluntary hospitals in California, we find that the vast majority of nonprofit hospitals provide community dividends in excess of the tax subsidies they receive. However, nearly 20 percent of nonprofit hospitals do not meet this standard. Further, those hospitals that do not meet the standard tend to not meet the standard over time. We recommend more expl...

1,2JESSICA E SCAIFE, MSc, FRCR, 1,3SIMON J THOMAS, PhD, FIPEM, 1,4KARL HARRISON, MSc, 1,3MARINA ROMANCHIKOVA, PhD, 1,5MICHAEL P F SUTCLIFFE, PhD, MIMechE, 1,6JULIA R FORMAN, PhD, 1,2AMY M BATES, MSc, 1,2RAJ JENA, MD, FRCR, 1,4M ANDREW PARKER, MA(Oxon), PhD and 1,2NEIL G BURNET, MD, FRCR Cancer Research UK VoxTox Research Group, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hosp...

tary hospital is a charity, and that it deals with two classes of the public?those who support the charity and those who benefit by the charity?the givers and the receivers. And these two classes have been kept apart, at any rate officially. It has always been recognised that the giver gives, not for his own good, but for someone else's, and that the receiver receives because someone else has p...

The ideomotor theory of voluntary behavior assumes that the selection and control of a concrete goal-directed movement depends on imagining its direct perceptual consequences. However, this perception-guided assumption neglects the fact that behavioral control entails a hierarchical mechanism wherein conceptual expectations - action goals - can modulate lower level perceptuo-motor representatio...