tine patches (37% between years 1 and 3) and in a study using supportive counselling and nicotine gum for 5 years (40% between years 1 and 5). High relapse rates after 1 year are also common in those not attending for treatment. A large general population survey estimated a relapse rate of 35% from non-validated self reports of the duration of abstinence. Success rates after 1 year or less of f...

Since 1999, many African governments have launched programs to offer short-course antiretroviral drug regimens to reduce mother-to child transmission of HIV. HIV testing in prenatal care is the gateway to these antiretroviral regimens. Pilot projects in Africa show an uptake of antiretroviral drugs in 8% to 50% of pregnant women presumed to be HIV infected; often, a minority of eligible women i...

Governments and international organizations are looking to the private sector to join them in partnership to fight HIV/AIDS in the developing world. A survey of manufacturing firms in Nigeria reveals that fewer than one-third of companies are taking any action to prevent HIV/AIDS among employees. Managers’ knowledge of the epidemic has a greater impact on companies’ actions than do general firm...

Blood transfusion is an important mode of transmission of infections to recipients. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections among blood donors. For this, a 3.5-year retrospective study, from October 2002 to April 2006 was conducted at the blood transfusion centre of Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha (Hisar) Haryana. Donors were screened f...