نتایج جستجو برای: vulnerability to addiction

تعداد نتایج: 10628262  

2017
Udita Datta Mariangela Martini Wen Lin Sun

There are sex differences in the vulnerability to cocaine abuse and addiction. Understanding the differences is critical for developing the sex-tailored prevention and treatment strategies. Cocaine addiction is characterized by the pathological motivation for cocaine accompanied by the diminished motivation for natural rewards. Thus, the motivational impact of cocaine relative to natural reward...

2014
Kevin D. Lominac Courtney L. McKenna Lisa M. Schwartz Paige N. Ruiz Melissa G. Wroten Bailey W. Miller John J. Holloway Katherine O. Travis Ganesh Rajasekar Dan Maliniak Andrew B. Thompson Lawrence E. Urman Tamara J. Phillips Karen K. Szumlinski

Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychomotor stimulant, with life-time prevalence rates of abuse ranging from 5-10% world-wide. Yet, a paucity of research exists regarding MA addiction vulnerability/resiliency and neurobiological mediators of the transition to addiction that might occur upon repeated low-dose MA exposure, more characteristic of early drug use. As stimulant-elicited ne...

Journal: :Addiction 2006
George F Koob

AIMS The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of our knowledge of the neurobiological bases of addiction relevant for the diagnosis of addiction. METHODS A heuristic framework of neuroadaptive changes within key brain neurocircuitry responsible for different stages of the addiction cycle is outlined and linked to human studies to provide important future translational links for di...

Journal: :The American journal of psychiatry 2003
R Andrew Chambers Jane R Taylor Marc N Potenza

OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies indicate that experimentation with addictive drugs and onset of addictive disorders is primarily concentrated in adolescence and young adulthood. The authors describe basic and clinical data supporting adolescent neurodevelopment as a biologically critical period of greater vulnerability for experimentation with substances and acquisition of substance use disor...

2016
Claire E Stelly Matthew B Pomrenze Jason B Cook Hitoshi Morikawa

Enduring memories of sensory cues associated with drug intake drive addiction. It is well known that stressful experiences increase addiction vulnerability. However, it is not clear how repeated stress promotes learning of cue-drug associations, as repeated stress generally impairs learning and memory processes unrelated to stressful experiences. Here, we show that repeated social defeat stress...

Journal: :Science 1997
G F Koob M Le Moal

Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction requires an integration of basic neuroscience with social psychology, experimental psychology, and psychiatry. Addiction is presented as a cycle of spiralling dysregulation of brain reward systems that progressively increases, resulting in compulsive drug use and a loss of control over drug-taking. Sensitization and counteradaptation are...

ژورنال: Practice in Clinical Psychology 2016
Heydari Dolat Abadi, Nasrin, Mohammadian, Abolfazl, Mohammadkhani, Parvaneh, Soltani Azemat, Ebrahim,

Objective: Sexual addiction is a psychiatric disorder with unpleasant personal, inter-personal, legal, social, and physical outcomes for the patients. The cycle of this disorder is based on a false belief system known as early maladaptive schemas. This study aimed to examine and compare maladaptive cognitive schemas in sex addicts and normal people. Methods: In the present study, a causal-comp...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1991
P V Piazza S Maccari J M Deminière M Le Moal P Mormède H Simon

Individual vulnerability to the reinforcing properties of drugs appears to be an essential characteristic predisposing humans to addiction. In animals, a greater behavioral reactivity to a mild stress, such as exposure to a novel environment, is an index of the vulnerability to acquire amphetamine self-administration. Biological responses to stress as well as behavioral reactivity may predict s...

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