The 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD(5)) remains a key indicator for proof of compliance with environmental regulators in the monitoring and management of winery effluent. Inter-conversion factors from alternative tests that are more rapid, accurate and simpler to perform have been determined that allow prediction of BOD(5) in winery wastewaters, generally, and at different stages of product...

The conventional Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) method takes five days to analyze samples. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) may be an alternate tool for rapid BOD determination in water. However, a MFC biosensor for continuous BOD measurements of water samples is still unavailable. In this study, a MFC biosensor inoculated with known mixed cultures was used to determine the BOD concentration. Effec...

BACKGROUND Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect secundum (ASD-II) has become an alternative method for surgery. We sought to compare the two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) method for measuring atrial septal defect with balloon occlusive diameter (BOD) in transcatheter ASD-II closure. METHODS A total of 39 patients (71.1% female, mean age: 35.31 ± 15.37 years) who ...

BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) is the pollution index of any water sample. One of the main factors influencing the estimation of BOD is the nature of microorganisms used as seeding material. In order to meet the variation in wastewater characteristics, one has to be specific in choosing the biological component that is the seeding material. The present study deals with the estimation of BOD of...

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) exertion patterns in anaerobically treated farm dairy wastewater were investigated on a laboratory scale. Oxygen uptake was typically characterised by a period of rapid oxygen exertion, a transitional "shoulder" phase and a period of slower activity. A multi-species model, involving rapidly degradable and slowly degradable material, was developed, leading to a do...

The integration of bioinformatics resources worldwide is one of the major concerns of the biological community. We herein established the BOD (Bioinformatics on demand) system to use Grid computing technology to set up a virtual workbench via a web-based platform, to assist researchers performing customized comprehensive bioinformatics work. Users will be able to submit entire search queries an...

The effect of lithium bromide (LiBr) on the structure and properties poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers obtained by wet-spinning was studied. tensile modulus strength a PVA fiber were greatly enhanced irrespective post-spinning hot-stretching process. high degree molecular orientation arose from reduction in crystallinity hydrogen bonding between chains solution resulting addition LiBr, which re...

Abstract A series of four different biomass feedstock was washed and hydrothermally carbonized at temperatures 50 °C 150–270 for hours, respectively. For the first time both resulting solid liquid products were characterised evaluated in a comprehensive study. Concerning fuel properties, HTC had higher impact on quality than washing. yielded hydrochar with carbon content starting material leadi...

In the introduction of his paper, Goodman observes that the DOP model ".. can be summarized as a special kind of Stochastic Tree Substitution Grammar (STSG): given a bracketed, labeled training corpus, let every subtree of that corpus be an elementary tree, with a probability proportional to the number of occurrences of that subtree in the training corpus." Goodman then neglects to add that acc...

BACKGROUND Accurately estimating fat percentage is important for assessing health and determining treatment course. Methods of estimating body composition such as hydrostatic weighing or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), however, can be expensive, require extensive operator training, and, in the case of hydrostatic weighing, be highly burdensome for patients. Our objective was to evaluate...