Presented in this paper is a graphical technique for freshwater and wastewater minimisation in completely batch operations. Water minimisation is achieved through the exploitation of inter- and intra-process water reuse and recycle opportunities. In the context of this paper, a completely batch operation is one in which water reuse or recycle can only be effected either at the start or the end ...

Currently in many cities and rural areas of Vietnam, wastewater is discharged to the environment without any treatment, which emits considerable amount of greenhouse gas (GHG), particularly methane. In this study, four GHG emission scenarios were examined, as well as the baseline scenario, in order to verify the potential of GHG reduction from domestic wastewater with adequate treatment facilit...

1. Water Management Systems: A Brief History 1.1 Greco-Roman Influence on Water Management 1.2 Water Supply and the Industrial Revolution 1.3 Water Engineering in the 20 Century 2. Conventional Sewage Treatment Techniques 3. Third Generation Wastewater Treatment Systems 3.1 Facultative Ponds 3.2 Constructed Wetlands 3.2.1 Limiting Factors of Wetland Processes 4. Reassessing the Conventional Sys...

Electrocoagulation (EC) is electrochemical water and wastewater treatment technology which in its simplest form uses an electrochemical cell where a dc voltage is applied to the electrodes, usually made of Iron or Aluminum, and the electrolyte is the water or wastewater. Current theory of EC has not been able to explain all the phenomena associated with the process, among others the differences...

Novel advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) show great promise for application in many wastewater treatment areas. AOPs are an emerging technology that may be employed for specific goals in wastewater treatment. These AOPs utilize the very strong oxidizing power of hydroxyl radicals to oxidize organic compounds to the preferred end products of carbon dioxide and water. Advanced oxidation has been...

This paper reviews the development, design and applications of electrochemical technologies in water and wastewater treatment. Particular focus was given to electrodeposition, electrocoagulation (EC), electroflotation (EF) and electrooxidation. Over 300 related publications were reviewed with 221 cited or analyzed. Electrodeposition is effective in recover heavy metals from wastewater streams. ...