water resources local governance can is one of the most influential collaborative approach in the water resources management. social monitoring of local stakeholders plays an important role in planning, resources management and water efficient governance. therefore to achieve this goal, social network analysis has been considered as an approach of analysis of the relationship among local stakeh...

Two experiments were conducted in 200-m earthen ponds at Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, for 87 days to test the feasibility of an integrated pen-cum-pond system, which utilizes wastes from intensive culture of hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus C. gariepinus) as nutrients for semi-intensive culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This integrated pen-cum-pond system enhance...

A primitive-equation model has been used to investigate the meteorologically-driven circulation of the Bay of Algeciras. It is shown that the mean circulation of Atlantic Water (AW) is characterized by an anticyclonic cell, while Mediterranean Water (MW) follows a preferred cyclonic pathway. Meteorological forcing distorts substantially the AW mean circulation pattern, and only modulates that o...

We employ a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model (COHERENS) in a fully prognostic mode to study the circulation and water mass properties of the Persian Gulf – a large inverse estuary. Our findings, which are in good agreement with observational evidence, suggest that the Persian Gulf experiences a distinct seasonal cycle in which a gulfwide cyclonic overturning circulation establishes in sprin...

The responses of North Pacific intermediate and deep water ventilation and ocean biogeochemical properties to northern North Atlantic glacial freshwater perturbations are evaluated with a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model MIROC and an earth system model of intermediate complexity LOVECLIM. When the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is weakened as a result of th...

1 by laser reflectors left there by astronauts. What does this motion have to do with the ocean circulation? By Kepler's laws, the recession implies that there is a continuing loss of energy in the Earth–Moon system of 3 ǂ10 12 watts, or 3 terawatts, mostly in the ocean. But where in the ocean does this energy go, and what are its effects? On page 775 of this issue, Egbert and Ray 2 produce evi...

Exchange of water across the Antarctic shelf break has considerable scientific and societal importance due to its effects on circulation and biology of the region, conversion of water masses as part of the global overturning circulation and basal melt of glacial ice and the consequent effect on sea level rise. The focus in this paper is the onshore transport of warm, oceanic Circumpolar Deep Wa...

The Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) is a water mass of low potential vorticity (PV) and appears as a weak pycnostad or thermostad. Distinct from other subtropical mode waters, it forms in the absence of a deep winter mixed layer. The formation mechanism of this ESTMW is investigated using an ocean general circulation model that is forced by monthly climatological temperatur...

Passive tracers are used in an o€-line version of the United Kingdom Fine Resolution Antarctic Model (FRAM) to highlight features of the circulation and provide information on the inter-ocean exchange of water masses. The use of passive tracers allows a picture to be built up of the deep circulation which is not readily apparent from examination of the velocity or density ®elds. Comparison of o...