Broadband, mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a step-index fluoroindate fibre is reported. By using ~70-picosecond laser pulses at 2.02 μm, provided by an optical parametric generator, a wide spectrum with a cut-off wavelength at 5.25 μm and a 5-dB bandwidth covering the entire 2-5 μm spectral interval has been demonstrated for the first time. The behaviour of the supercontinuum was inve...

We discuss some properties of dielectric gratings with period comparable with the illuminating wavelength for slanted illumination (this illumination geometry is often referred to as concical mounting). We demonstrate the usefulness of such an illuminating geometry. We show that the threshold period (under which only the zeroth transmission and reflection orders are nonevanescent) can be signif...

Wavelength selection is one of the key steps in quantitative spectral analysis, which reduces computation time while also improving prediction accuracy model. In this paper, we propose a wavelength algorithm based on ant colony optimization (ACO), absolute value regression coefficient multiple linear (MLR) model used as basis for evaluating importance wavelengths, and after full MLR modeling in...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a method for measuring the relative efficiencies of a set of decision-making units (dmus) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. in this paper, we study the measurement of dmu performances in dea in situations where input and/or output values are given as imprecise data. by imprecise data we mean situations where we only know that the actual val...

A multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (MW-EDFL) with wide tuning range, switching and adjustable wavelength interval is designed tested, which based on a composite filter. The filter consists of tapered microfiber coupler loop (TMCL) nested single mode (SMF)-two (TMF)-SMF (STS) structure, has comb spectrum obvious envelope uniform fluctuation. Our experimental theoretical results show tha...

• Propose two approaches to identify catenary short-wavelength irregularity. 1/8 of dropper interval wavelength can reflect effect local imperfection. Periodic irregularity introduces non-Gaussian behaviour into contact force. Time-frequency representation be used detect periodic The common types irregularities (local imperfections and irregularities) the railway on pantograph–catenary interact...

In addition to vertical time shifts commonly observed in time-lapse seismic images, horizontal displacements are apparent as well. These apparent horizontal displacements may be small relatively to seismic wavelengths, perhaps only 5 m at depths of 5 km, but they consistently suggest an outward lateral expansion of images away from a compacting reservoir. It is well known that apparent vertical...

An Allen correction and a polychromatic analysis are about equally effective in minimizing effects of interference by bilirubin and triglyceride turbidity in the direct spectrophotometry of serum hemoglobin: interference from bilirubin is nearly eliminated, that from turbidity substantially decreased. The limit of detectability of hemoglobin is 8 mg/L in the presence of a moderate concentration...

During the last decade, satellite observations have allowed significant advances in quantifying precipitation, especially with the contribution of the TRMM mission. Observations at different wavelengths (visible, infrared, and microwaves), in both active and passivemicrowavemodes, are analyzed, and eventually coupled to produce records of precipitation estimates over the globe, with up to hourl...

New Zealand, unlike most countries, does not have a single national vertical datum. Instead, twelve separate and poorly linked primary levelling networks tied to twelve different tide gauges are used. The current vertical datums are based on the false assumption that mean sea level, measured at the twelve tide gauges, corresponds to the same equipotential surface. Due to the effects of long-per...