A heat pump is an electrically-ponered refrigerationcycle device which is capable ofproviding both heating and cooling to a residence. In the sumrrcr, it operates like an air conditioner by "moving" heat from inside the house to the outside. In the winter, the refrigerant flow is reversed, "moving" heat into the house by further chilling the already cold outside air and transferring the heat ga...

Peony plants require temperate winter temperatures to break underground bud dormancy and allow shoot emergence flowering in spring. This study assessed whether artificial chilling at 4 °C for 2–6 weeks could induce under subtropical conditions. It also pre-treatment cool prior chilling, or gibberellin application after promoted flowering. Artificial 6 the greatest emergence. Pre-treatment did n...

Chilling temperatures (below 10' but above the freezing point of the tissue) injure fruits of coldsensitive crops native to tropical and subtropical areas (1,4, 5). Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) fruits, even though mature internally, may not lose their chlorophyll on the trees when grown in tropical climates. However, oranges grown on the northern fringes of the sutbtropical regions of Fl...

This review compares fall acclimation patterns and lift/store practices for Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss x P. engelmannii Parry ex engelm and Pinus taeda L. seedlings. Spruce seedlings achieve budset and an endodormant state in late summer, coastal Douglas-fir in early fall, while loblolly pine achieves a less endodormant state with a limited amount of mitoti...

Influenza and many unrelated viruses, including rhinovirus, RSV, adenovirus, coronavirus etc. share the same seasonality, since these viral acute respiratory tract infections (vARIs) are much more common in winter than summer. The lack of a viable explanation is a major problem for microbiology. Unfortunately, early investigations that used recycled “pedigree” virus strains seem to have led mic...

Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai] is one of the Cucurbitaceae species and subtropical crops that exhibit chilling injury (CI) when exposed to low temperatures. Watermelon seedlings were tested for chilling tolerance using methods modified from cucumber. Three experiments were conducted using different combinations of chilling durations of 6, 12, 24, or 36 hours and chillin...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In temperate woody perennials, flower bud development is halted during the winter, when the buds enter dormancy. This dormant period is a prerequisite for adequate flowering, is genetically regulated, and plays a clear role in possibly adapting species and cultivars to climatic areas. However, information on the biological events underpinning dormancy is lacking. Stamen deve...

Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.) is native to North America, belongs to Onagraceae family, and is a biennial plant. This experiment was performed as factorial based on a completely randomized design in three replications. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of moist-chilling and GA</s...