One of the goals in automated multimedia presentation planning is to tailor the presentations to the individual reader. Therefore, it can be useful for an intelligent multimedia presentation system to know whether the presentation techniques used will be understood. Reading multimedia presentations requires a decoding of the meaning conveyed through all relevant information carriers in presenta...

In this article, a theoretical framework is proposed for the inference processes that occur during reading. According to the framework, inferences can vary in the degree to which they are encoded. This notion is supported by three experiments in this article that show that degree of encoding can depend on the amount of semantic-associative information available to support the inference processe...

The purpose of reading is comprehension. Comprehension means receiving and learning the information in text. In this process, a series complex operations are performed our minds. meanings words sentences read first found, meaning text reached by combining them. However, these processes not enough to understand depth. addition these, it necessary examine text, establish connection between them, ...

There are two thin lines that separate descriptions of text comprehension. The first is the line between what a text says (i.e., its explicit or literal meaning) and what is inferable from the text (i.e., its implicit meaning). The second thin line is one that separates two kinds of implicit meaning processes. On one side of this line is what text researchers refer to as inferences. Although th...

Data and central issue. It is by now a well-known fact that that the semantic processing of an utterance usually involves different sources of information which are used in parallel to arrive at a coherent interpretation of this utterance in the given context. Three principle sources must be distinguished: (i) the (linguistic) meaning of the lexical items; (ii) (non-linguistic) world and situat...

One of the most difficult parts of the natural language understanding process is forming a semantic interpretation of the text. A reader must often make multiple inferences to understand the motives of actors and to causally connect actions that are unrelated on the basis of surface semantics alone. The inference process is complicated by the fact that text is often ambiguous both lexically and...