Chinese ways of dealing with seeming contradictions result in a dialectical or compromise approach— retaining basic elements of opposing perspectives by seeking a “middle way.” European-American ways, on the other hand, deriving from a lay version of Aristotelian logic, result in a differentiation model that polarizes contradictory perspectives in an effort to determine which fact or position i...

Most normal forms for fuzzy logics are versions of conjunctive and disjunctive classical normal forms. Unfortunately, they do not always preserve either tautologies or contradictions which are fundamental for automatic theorem provers based on refutation methods. De Morgan implicative systems are triples like the De Morgan system, but considering fuzzy implications instead of t-conorms. These s...

Title: Fernán: The value of the intuition (On an intuitive set theory without antinomies). Hereby it is presented a new set theory (generalized as the so-called system theory, fully respectful with the dictates of intuition (including the existence and numerability of the universal set, of which all beings are elements) and capable to overcome all the logical difficulties that forced logicians ...

The divine attributes of omniscience and omnipotence have faced objections to their very consistency. Such objections rely on reasoning parallel to the semantic paradoxes such as the Liar or the set-theoretic paradoxes like Russell’s paradox. With the advent of paraconsistent logics, dialetheism— the view that some contradictions are true — became a major player in the search for a solution to ...

In order to compute intelligent answers to complex questions, using the vast amounts of information existing in the Web, computers have (1) to translate such knowledge, typically from text documents, into a data structure suitable for automatic exploitation; (2) to accumulate enough knowledge about a certain topic or area by integrating or fusing these data structures, taking into account new i...

A person adds new knowledge to his/her mind, taking into account new information, additional details, better precision, synonyms, homonyms, redundancies, apparent contradictions, and inconsistencies between what he/she knows and new knowledge that he/she acquires. This way, he/she incrementally acquires information keeping it at all times consistent. This information can be represented by Ontol...

the aim of this paper is examining and criticizing a new concept in moral education named moral literacy. recent years, moral literacy approach attempts to redefine morality in the framework of literacy and via that, return moral education to the school. logical-conceptual analysis of “moral literacy” indicated us some constructive elements of this combination like competency, knowledge, acquis...

Contradictions in requirements are inevitable in early project stages. To resolve these contradictions, it is necessary to know the rationales (goals) that lead to the particular requirements. In early project stages one stakeholder rarely knows the goals of the others. Sometimes the stakeholders cannot explicitly state even their own goals. Thus, the goals have to be elaborated in the process ...

With the emerging need for automation of business processes and the advent of semantic web it has become necessary that digital contents should be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a form that can be understood, interpreted and used by software agents, thus permitting them to find, share and integrate information more easily. Thus, Knowledge Representation and automated reason...

It is well known that De Broglie enables the use of the relativistic mechanics and –depending on a number of assumptions– to discover his relation λ=h/p, which led further to the creation of the theory of quantum mechanics (QM). However, after De Broglie's approach famous contradictions have appeared between De Broglie's theory and the Special Relativity Theory, also there were a number of sugg...