Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is temporally related to exercise-induced changes in partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2 ); hyperoxia is known to enhance this relationship. We examined the hypothesis that preventing PetCO2 from rising (isocapnia) during submaximal exercise with and without hyperoxia [end-tidal Po2(PetO2 ) = 300 mmHg] would attenuate the increases in CBF. Additionally...

This study assesses the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the Dutch version of the London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (LCADL).The English LCADL version was translated into Dutch and then back-translated to English to check if the translation was conceptually equivalent to the original LCADL.Measurement properties were evaluated in191 patients with chronic obstructive pulmona...

Hypothesis / aims of study Bladder contractility is an important parameter in the diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Currently, pressure-flow studies are used to assess bladder contractility by combining flow rate and detrusor pressure into one parameter, e.g. Wmax or WQmax. The determination of Wmax and WQmax is based on a theoretical model (1). Using the non-invasive condom cathete...

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cardiopulmonary fitness as indicated by maximal work rate (Wmax) production and aerobic capacities (WAT), body mass index (BMI) and heart rate reserve. A total of 60 sedentary subjects (30 males, 30 females, aged 18-25 years) were enrolled in the study. Each subject performed an incremental exercise test (15 W/min) to the limit o...

OBJECTIVE To examine the Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES) as an outcome for physical fitness in patients with multiple sclerosis. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS A maximal cycling ergometry test was performed by 56 patients with multiple sclerosis. METHODS The OUES was compared with healthy reference values. Correlation analysis was used to assess the concurrent validity of th...

Pharyngeal and diaphragm muscles contract and relax in synergy, which is why it was decided to compare their mechanical performance throughout the overall load continuum. The effects of fatigue were also studied. The isotonic mechanics of rat sternohyoid (SH; n=10) and diaphragm (D; n=10) were investigated in vitro. Force and length were measured in muscles contracting from zero load up to isom...

Let T = (V ,E) be a tree with n nodes such that each node v is associated with a value-weight pair (valv,wv), where the value valv is a real number and the weight wv is a positive integer. The density of a path P = 〈v1, v2, . . . , vk〉 is defined as ∑k i=1 vali/ ∑k i=1 wi . The weight of P , denoted by w(P ), is ∑k i=1 wi . Given a tree of n nodes, two integers wmin and wmax, and a length lower...

A simplified FitzHugh-Nagumo nerve conduction equation with known traveling wave solutions is considered. The spatial stability of these solutions is analyzed to determine which solutions should occur in signal transmission along such a nerve model. It is found that the slower of the two pulse solutions is unstable while the faster one is stable, so the faster one should occur. This agrees with...

The effect of one-year physical training on heart rate variability in older adults was evaluated in 14 healthy men (age > 55 year). Measures of heart rate variability were obtained in both time and frequency domain. Tenminute ECG recordings were made in supine position and in standing position. A progressive climbing exertion test till exhaustion was performed to estimate maximal oxygen consump...

Background. Oropharyngeal receptors signal presence of carbohydrate to the brain. Mouth rinses with a carbohydrate solution facilitate corticomotor output and improve time-trial performance in well-trained subjects in a fasted state. We tested for this effect in nonathletic subjects in fasted and nonfasted state. Methods. 13 healthy non-athletic males performed 5 tests on a cycle ergometer. Aft...