The federal government buys many goods and services that are expected to increase private-sector productivity—that is, the ability of the private-sector workforce, using the stock of capital, to produce goods and services. Such purchases by the federal government are called investment. In an earlier report, the Congressional Budget Office examined various aspects of federal investment itself, s...

Present paper derives fuzzy economic models to evaluate the economic feasibility of information security investment. The Net Present Value (NPV), and discounted Return on Investment (dRoI) models are proposed for the execution of costbenefit analysis. Since fuzzy results are in the form of a complex nonlinear representation, and do not always provide a totally ordered set in the same way that c...

In this article, we propose using a real options framework to model and financially value a cross-training policy. The cross-training policy involves a dynamic investment on workforce flexibility. We model it as an approximation of an American call option using binomial lattices. Value stems from the merit of dynamic cross-training compared with the deterministic case using traditional discount...

When planning investments, the conditions for further business activities are not always reliably known in advance. Socio-political and natural factors can affect to amount of inflation, cost technical facilities technologies, profits. All these make studying fuzzy modeling investment very important. One methods under uncertainty is using L. Zadeh apparatus logic. The purpose study apply logic ...

Transportation planning in general, and planning for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) in particular, are notable for multiple goals and for multiple constituencies. A review of the current literature offers several ITS investment evaluation methods that provide frameworks for the quantification of risks and benefits. Nevertheless, the traditional selection methods overemphasize quantit...

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a fuzzy multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) model to evaluate the investment risk of location selection for container terminals. Firstly, some concepts and methods used to develop a fuzzy MCDM algorithm are briefly introduced. Secondly, a step-by-step fuzzy MCDM algorithm based on the concept of integral value is proposed. Finally, a numerical e...

The growing demands on the health system to adapt to constant change has led to investment in health workforce planning agencies and approaches. Health workforce planning approaches focusing on identifying, predicting and modelling workforce supply and demand are criticised as being simplistic and not contributing to system-level resiliency. Alternative evidence- and needs-based health workforc...

To have a real option means to have the possibility for a certain period to either choose for or against something, without binding oneself up front. The real option rule is that one should invest today only if the net present value is high enough to compensate for giving up the value of the option to wait. Because the option to invest loses its value when the investment is irreversibly made, t...

A financial decision supporting system based on the fuzzy candlestick pattern is proposed and developed. We model Japanese candlestick patterns by using fuzzy linguistic variables. Japanese candlestick theory is an empirical model of investment decision. The theory assumes that the trend of financial time series could be predicted by identifying specific candlestick patterns in the candlestick ...

Abstract: One of the tools for maintaining environmental sustainability is transformation from fossil-based energy sources to renewable energy sources in energy consumption. Among renewable energy alternatives, wind energy is the most prominent and reliable energy source for fulfilling energy demand. Traditional investment evaluation techniques based on discounted cash flows are not capable of ...