Cognitive psychologists have long argued about the reality and significance of the distinction between well-structured and ill-structured problems. Laboratory problems are usually well-structured, whereas real-world problems have both well-structured and ill-structured components. This article shows how the neuropsychological data reinforce this distinction and suggests how this distinction may...

The sequencing of the human genome has been heralded as a major milestone in biological science that will, without doubt, provide fundamentally new ways of studying the human condition (Lander et al., 2001; Subramanian et al., 2001a; Venter et al., 2001). Yet, for a substantial portion of the world’s population, the human condition is defined by diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, cholera, ...

In the global economy, proper organisation and planning of production and storage locations, transportation and scheduling are vital to retain the competitive edge of companies. The planning and scheduling problems involved are immensely complex. Computer-based optimisation techniques are the best means of obtaining viable solutions, but until now the mixed integer programs developed have been ...

It would seem reasonable to direct most nutritional research towards those problems that most afflict mankind, but in the present state of knowledge it is difficult to ascertain which these are. The first part of this paper will outline some of the difficulties but subsequently a rank order will be given which no doubt will be controversial. Thus the subject matter of this paper has revealed pe...