The present study compared the discriminative stimulus effects of the imidazopyridine, zolpidem, with a triazolobenzodiazepine, triazolam, in pentobarbital-trained rhesus monkeys and rats. Rhesus monkeys (n = 4), trained to discriminate pentobarbital (10 mg/kg intragastric [i.g.]) from saline under a FR 1 discrete-trials shock avoidance procedure, were given zolpidem (0.10-30 mg/kg i.g.) or tri...

Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug commonly used for the treatment of insomnia. However, to date, extensive evidence has shown that zolpidem use is a factor associated with certain clinical conditions, not that it treats these conditions. The aim of this review is to summarize current published articles on the risks and benefits of zolpidem use.

BACKGROUND Previous studies on the effect of zolpidem or zopiclone use on the risk of road traffic crashes (RTCs) have shown mixed results. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the association between zolpidem or zopiclone use (as separate drugs or combined) and the occurrence of injurious RTCs among older adult drivers. METHODS This was a population-based matched case-control and case-...

Zolpidem, zopiclone and zaleplon are hypnotics with similar pharmacology to benzodiazepines. In addition to the usual adverse effects of sedative drugs, there have been unusual reactions associated with the 'z-drugs', particularly zolpidem. It is unclear why there have been so many reports of bizarre behaviour in Australians taking zolpidem. Some of the cases may be the result of other conditio...

The objective was to evaluate possible pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions for repeated nightly zolpidem dosing with fluoxetine. Twenty-nine healthy female volunteers (mean age, 25. 6 years) received zolpidem (10 mg) and fluoxetine (20 mg) in the following open design: zolpidem on night 1 followed by 1 washout day, a daily morning dose of fluoxetine on days 3 through 27, and a morn...

There has been insufficient evidence on whether exposure to hypnotics affects the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to examine patients with nonapnea sleep disorders using zolpidem, benzodiazepines (BZDs), or a combination of both, and their risk of T2DM. This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using data from 1997 to 2011. Data from the Taiwan National He...

BACKGROUND Several epidemiological and experimental studies have found a positive association between the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and use of zopiclone and benzodiazepines. There is, however, little evidence of any risk of MVA attributable to the use of zolpidem 1 day before such accidents. We attempted to determine whether the use of zolpidem 1 day before is associated with an in...

In this letter, the author(s) propose(s) that 'the quantitative findings of zolpidem after a single exposure do not fit in with our daily experience' and that 'Given the risk of misinterpretation of the data of Cui et al., the authors see no reason to support the findings of the Chinese group'. Although markedly different from those reported by Villain et al. (1), the results appear. The method...

In response to stressful events, neonatal mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are suppressed by BZ agonists. The present study examined the role of the benzodiazepine/alpha1 (BZ/alpha1) receptor subtype in the suppression engendered by the BZ/alpha1-preferring agonist zolpidem and the nonselective BZ agonists triazolam and diazepam. The role of BZ receptor subtypes was explored fur...

Insomnia is becoming increasingly prevalent in the world general population. Therapies used by patients include over-the-counter therapies, herbal and dietary supplements, and pharmacological or nonpharmacological treatments. Among these, zolpidem is a pharmacological treatment popularly used for insomnia. Zolpidem is well tolerated and especially efficacious for initiation of sleep, and theref...