Climate model experiments are analyzed to elucidate if and how the changes in mean climate in response to doubling of atmospheric CO2 (2xCO2) influence ENSO. The processes involved the development, transition, and decay of simulated ENSO events are quantified through a multimodel heat budget analysis. The simulated changes in ENSO amplitude in response to 2xCO2 are directly related to changes i...

Numerical experiments are performed with a highly simplified model of the general circulation of the atmosphere in an attempt to gain insight into the physical causes of the surface zonal wind distribution (and associated momentum convergences) observed in the atmosphere. With the zonal wind constrained to be of the form =i2 A 5 +3r2,1jr s (O. 5'Ti) capable of non-linear interactions with a sin...

The development of component placers for electronics production is a demanding job as the requirements for speed and accuracy are challenging. This article presents an approach to build a virtual prototype on the basis of a multi body simulation model. It includes moving parts, flexibility, vibrational behaviour as well as thermal distortion. Special attention is given to modelling a linear joi...

A magnetic polarity stratigraphy is established for a continuously cored 360 m thick section of the entire cyclical lacustrine sequence and part of the sandy fluvial and eolian basal sequence of the Late Triassic Blomidon Formation in the Fundy basin in Nova Scotia (Canada). In conjunction with published results for the Newark and Dan River basins, the Fundy basin record allows us to precisely ...

A meteor radar in the UK (near 52 N) has been used to measure the mean winds of the mesosphere/lowerthermosphere (MLT) region over the period 1988–2000. The seasonal course and interannual variability is characterised and comparisons are made with a number of models. Annual mean wind trends were found to be +0.37 ms−1 yr−1 for the zonal component and +0.157 ms−1 yr−1 for the meridional componen...

We have derived new results concerning thermal tides on Mars from a combination of radio occultation measurements and numerical simulations by a Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM). This investigation exploits a set of concurrent observations by Mars Express (MEX) and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in mid-2004, when the season on Mars was midspring in the northern hemisphere. The MEX occultations...

The ubiquity of zonal flows in toroidal plasma is now well recognized (see [1] for review on zonal flow theory and a special March issue of Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion 87 (2006) for the latest experimental papers). Two main branches of zonal flows have been identified. Both have zero poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, m = n = 0. One of them is a zero-frequency, finitebandwidth...

Any non-spherical distribution of density inside planets and stars gives rise to a non-spherical external gravity and change of shape. If part or all of the observed zonal flows at the cloud deck of Jupiter and Saturn represent deep interior dynamics, then the density perturbations associated with the deep zonal flows could generate gravitational signals detectable by the Juno mission and the C...

Introduction and shoulder belts (type 2 seat belts) help to reduce the risk of injury due to im­ vehicle interior and occupant. Seat belts also help distribute restraining forces Seat belts are the primary occupant pacts with vehicle interior components or over sturdy skeletal areas of the body. restraint system in passenger vehicles. ejection. Seat belts provide occupant However, the effective...