The present study employed a tungsten pH microelectrode to the formation of trivalent chromium conversion (TCC) coatings on Al, AA 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and AZ91D magnesium in SurTec ChromitAL solutions. had sensitivity –60 mV/pH peak final values for pre-treated 2024 were 4.9 3.5, 4.3 4.1, 4.7 respectively. initial value is great importance influencing coating deposition-driven force thicknes...

We study the sunspot activity in relation to spotless days (SLDs) during descending phase of solar cycles 11–24 predict amplitude cycle 25. For this purpose, addition SLD, we also consider geomagnetic (aa index) a given cycle. A very strong correlation SLD (0.68) and aa index (0.86) with maximum next has been estimated. The empirical relationship led us deduce 25 be 99.13± 14.97 104.23± 17.35 u...

Karthik Ramani Professor Mem. ASME Purdue Research and Education Center for Information Systems in Engineering (PRECISE), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024; School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024; School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2024 e-mail: [email protected] Developing Engineer...