OBJECTIVE Despite numerous global initiatives on breast-feeding, trend data show exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) rates have stagnated over the last two decades. The purpose of the present systematic review was to determine barriers to exclusive breast-feeding in twenty-five low- and middle-income countries and discuss implications for programmes. DESIGN A search of Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and ...

The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, (Homoptera: Aphididae) releases the volatile sesquiterpene (E)-beta-farnesene (EBF) when attacked by a predator, triggering escape responses in the aphid colony. Recently, it was shown that this alarm pheromone also mediates the production of the winged dispersal morph under laboratory conditions. The present work tested the wing-inducing effect of EBF...

BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is the best nutrition for children during the first six months of life. However EBF remains a challenge. The aim of the study was to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards EBF among breastfeeding mothers in Mizan Aman town, South West Ethiopia. METHODS A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 mothers in Mizan Aman town, ...

Previous studies have suggested that the early-B-cell-specific mb-1(Igalpha) promoter is regulated by EBF and Pax-5. Here, we used in vivo footprinting assays to detect occupation of binding sites in endogenous mb-1 promoters at various stages of B-cell differentiation. In addition to EBF and Pax-5 binding sites, we detected occupancy of a consensus binding site for E2A proteins (E box) in pre-...

BACKGROUND The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 mo of life. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the benefit of EBF to age 6 mo on growth in a large sample of rural Gambian infants at high risk of undernutrition. METHODS Infants with growth monitoring from birth to 2 y of age (n = 756) from the ENID (Early Nutrition and Immune Development) trial we...

BACKGROUND Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means giving only breast milk to an infant. Although it is the optimal mode of feeding for infants younger than 6 months, its prevalence is low in HIV-endemic regions. Extensive promotion of EBF for 6 months in prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programs could inadvertently result in stigma due to women's perceived association of EBF ...

Helix-loop-helix transcription factors of the Ebf/Olf1 family have previously been implicated in the control of neurogenesis in the central nervous system in both Xenopus laevis and the mouse, but their precise roles have remained unclear. We have characterised two family members in the chick, and have performed a functional analysis by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. This study reveale...

The sesquiterpene (E)-β-farnesene (EBF) is the alarm pheromone for many species of aphids [1]. When released from aphids attacked by parasitoids or predators, it alerts nearby conspecifics to escape by walking away and dropping off the host plant [2, 3]. The reception of alarm pheromone in aphids is accomplished through a highly sensitive chemosensory system. Although olfaction-related gene fam...

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) results in a number of derangements to the intestinal epithelium, including a loss of epithelial barrier function (EBF). As TPN supplemented with glutamine has been thought to prevent this loss, this article further defined the impact of glutamine on EBF, and investigated potential mechanisms that contributed to the preservation of EBF. C57BL/6J male mice were r...

Breastfeeding rates among rural African women steadily declined during the 1960's . The introduction of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) in the 80s helped reduce infant morbidity/mortality however, misconceptions about when to initiate EBF and for how long still persists till date. Objective: To determine factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in Kakwagom and Okundi communities in Boki L...