Lithium-oxygen batteries have attracted considerable attention as a promising energy storage system. Although these batteries have many advantages, they face several critical challenges. In this work, we report the use of graphene nanosheets (GNSs), nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (N-GNSs), exfoliated nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (Ex-N-GNSs), and a blend of Ex-N-GNSs with nitrogen-dope...

Future IGS receivers are considered against the backdrop of GNSS signal modernization and the IGS’s goal of further improving the accuracy of its products. The purpose of this paper is to provide IGS members with a guide to making decisions about GNSS receivers. Modernized GNSS signals are analyzed with a view toward IGS applications. A schedule for minimum IGS receiver requirements is proposed...

GNSS technology is used for many applications: The surveying industry uses GNSS for monitoring the continental drift, stakeout fixed-points, measuring maps of areas and many other location based services. The construction industry uses GNSS for machine control and logistics, agriculture for precise farming, power steering assists and other tasks like bringing out manure, harvesting and plowing....

This paper presents the key elements of the next generation of miniaturised GNSS space receivers compatible with the new and more robust GNSS signals from Galileo and modernized GPS. A quick review of applications like Precise Orbit Determination (POD) and Radio Occultation (RO) is provided together with the performance achieved in current satellites like Metop and GOCE and performance expected...

The use of the reflected Global Navigation Satellite Systems' (GNSS) signals in Earth observation applications, referred to as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has been already studied for more than two decades. However, the estimation precision that can be achieved by GNSS-R sensors in some particular scenarios is still not fully understood yet. In an effort to partially fill this gap, in this pap...

In this study the focus is on ocean surface altimetry using the signals transmitted from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. A low-altitude airborne experiment was recently conducted off the coast of Sydney. Both a LiDAR experiment and a GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) experiment were carried out in the same aircraft, at the same time, in the presence of strong wind and rather hig...

The Software Defined Radio (SDR) platform continues to shape the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) testing and development environment. Open source SDR platforms are now being developed and offer GNSS development capability to a variety of users that have not previously had sufficient resources to be engaged. An open source platform also offers many advantages in terms of customization ...

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are integral to aviation navigation and precise landings. It will be fundamental to many other safety of life applications such as railway and autonomous vehicles. To truly protect these systems and maintain safety, we need to not just address nominal hazards but also deliberate threats such as spoofing. Many methods have been proposed to address spoof...

Real-time positioning on mobile devices using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) technology paired with radio frequency (RF) transmission (GNSS-RF) may help to improve safety on logging operations by increasing situational awareness. However, GNSS positional accuracy for ground workers in motion may be reduced by multipath error, satellite signal obstruction, or other factors. Radio prop...

This research introduces an improvement plan for the reliability of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning solutions. It should be considered the most suitable methodology in terms of the adjustment and positioning of GNSS in order to maximize the utilization of GNSS applications. Though various studies have been conducted with regards to Bridge Health Monitoring System (BHMS) ba...