We study the link between credit spreads and the heterogeneous formation of expectations in an economy where agents with different perception of economic uncertainty disagree about future cash flows of a defaultable firm. The intertemporal risk-sharing of disagreeing investors gives rise to three testable implications: First, larger belief heterogeneity increases credit spreads and their volati...

In this paper we define the removable cycle that, if $Im$ is a class of graphs, $Gin Im$, the cycle $C$ in $G$ is called removable if $G-E(C)in Im$. The removable cycles in Eulerian graphs have been studied. We characterize Eulerian graphs which contain two edge-disjoint removable cycles, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for Eulerian graph to have removable cycles h...

Background: Previous studies reported that neonatal and maternal complications as well as duration of labor could be diminished through labor management. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of intramuscular (IM) administration of atropine and hyoscine combination on labor progress and maternal and neonatal outcomes in primigravid women admitted to Taleghani Hospital of Arak, Iran. Metho...

محاسبه دز جذبی در اندام انسان یکی از اولین گام‌­ها برای توسعه رادیوداروهای جدید است. هدف این مطالعه تخمین توسط ترکیب نوین نشاندار Cu-NODAGA-RGD-BBN64 بدین‌منظور ابتدا با تغییر پارامترهای مؤثر بر نشاندارسازی شرایط بهینه تهیه شد. پایداری پپتید هترودیمر بافر سالین فسفات (PBS) و سرم خون انسانی به مدت 12 ساعت ارزیابی پس آن، توزیع زیستی کمپلکس موش‌های حامل تومور تزریق مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نهایت، اسا...

in this paper we define the removable cycle that, if $im$ is a class of graphs, $gin im$, the cycle $c$ in $g$ is called removable if $g-e(c)in im$. the removable cycles in eulerian graphs have been studied. we characterize eulerian graphs which contain two edge-disjoint removable cycles, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for eulerian graph to have removable cycles h...

introduction: ketamine is an agent used broadly for pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia in emergency departments. it has been found to be safe and with a low risk of complications. as choosing between intravenous (iv) and intramuscular (im) injections is a matter of concern, we did comparison between two methods in terms of their efficacy and the rate of complications. methods: this sin...

background and aims: ebv is a human herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the world’s population. although, benign and asymptomatic for most cases, the infection can cause many nonmalignant and malignant disorders of lymphoid and epithelial origins. the objective of this study was detection of im prevalence in neyshabur, northeast iran from 2010-2014.   materials and methods: this cross-sec...

critical issue regarding to variation of findings based on different phenotypes led investigators to define whether they are distinct features or overlapping ones. therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between diverse phenotypes of pcos (poly cystic ovary syndrome) with clinical manifestations, anthropometric indices, and metabolic characteristics. this was a descriptive cross-sect...

Background Vomiting is a common side effect of ketamine in children's sedation and there is still controversy about the use of an anti-emetic drug along with ketamine to reduce this complication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ondansetron in controlling vomiting induced by intramuscular (IM), and intravenous (IV) ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia in chil...