The auditory brainstem response (ABR) test provides information about the inner ear (cochlea) and the central pathways for hearing. The ABR reflects the electrical responses of both the cochlear ganglion neurons and the nuclei of the central auditory pathway to sound stimulation (Zhou et al., 2006; Burkard et al., 2007). The ABR contains 5 identifiable wave forms, labeled as I-V. Wave I represe...

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder type I (BP-I) belongs to a spectrum of affective disorders that are expressed in many different ways and therefore can be difficult to distinguish from other conditions, especially unipolar depression, schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia (SZ), but also anxiety and personality disorders. Since early diagnosis and treatment have shown to improve the long-term progn...

Preface This report gives an overview of results on the Available Bit Rate Service Category (ABR) for ATM networks obtained in the COST 257 action on " Impacts of New Services on the Architecture and Performance of Broadband Networks ". First we give an overview of the ATM Forum specifications of the ABR service category. Examples of ABR switch mechanisms are given, including two new proposals,...

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was recorded in adult budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) in response to clicks and tones. The typical budgerigar ABR waveform showed two prominent peaks occurring within 4 ms of the stimulus onset. As sound-pressure levels increased, ABR peak latency decreased, and peak amplitude increased for all waves while interwave interval remained relatively consta...

The support of the ABR service category is a key feature for future ATM networks to allow an economical transmission of applications with vague requirements for throughput and delay. The idea behind the ABR service is to convey feedback information about the network congestion status from the network elements to the end systems in order to dynamically adapt the transmission rates of the ABR sou...

This study investigated the possibility that sublethal food preservation stresses (high or low temperature and osmotic and pH stress) can lead to changes in the nature and scale of antibiotic resistance (ABR) expressed by three food-related pathogens (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus). The study found that some sublethal stresses significantly...

The performance of TCP/IP over ATM over an asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) was investigated. Because the bandwidth of an ADSL link can vary over time due to changes in the link’s physical conditions, which degrades TCP performance, we performed simulations for various ATM traffic controls, including available bit rate (ABR) and generic flow control, used to handle variations in the AD...

Background & objectives: Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) is one of the low cost wastewater treatment systems compared to the aerobic method. Hoverer it should be studied and developed to overcome its limitations such as insufficient nutrient removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the 5 sectional ABR pilot and improve it with integrated electric coagulation process for ...