nowadays, one-dimensional cutting stock problem (1d-csp) is used in many industrial processes and re-cently has been considered as one of the most important research topic. in this paper, a metaheuristic algo-rithm based on the simulated annealing (sa) method is represented to minimize the trim loss and also to fo-cus the trim loss on the minimum number of large objects. in this method, the 1d-...

Traditionally, the various semantics of the process algebra Csp are formulated in denotational style. For many Csp models, e.g., the traces model, equivalent semantics have been given in operational style. A Csp semantics in axiomatic style, however, has been considered problematic in the literature. In this paper we present a sound and complete axiomatic semantics for Csp with unbounded nondet...

Background Chronic scrotal pain (CSP) may be debilitating in men presenting for treatment for CSP, but we have little information on the frequency and severity of CSP in the men who do not seek care for the CSP. Our objective was to identify the frequency and characteristics of CSP in a population of men presenting for reasons other than CSP to a urology clinic. Methods Men presenting to a ur...

Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum is a promising malaria vaccine target. RTS,S, the most advanced malaria vaccine candidate consists of the central NANP repeat and carboxy-terminal region of CSP displayed on a hepatitis B virus-like particle (VLP). To build upon the success of RTS,S, we produced a near full-length Plasmodium falciparum CSP that also includes the conserved ...

Recent years witnessed a sharp increase of CSP (concentrated solar power) plants around the world. CSP is currently at its early stage in China, with several demonstration and utility-scale plants underway. China's rising electricity demand, the severe environmental pollution from coal-fired power plants, and favorable renewable energy policies are expected to result in a large-scale CSP deploy...