WG is a synchronous stream cipher submitted to the hardware profile of eSTREAM project. The main feature of this stream cipher is the use of WG transformation. WG uses keys and initial vectors (IVs) of the same lengths 80, 96, 112 and 128 bits. Moreover, IVs of the length 32 and 64 bits are admitted. The most important key recovery attack on WG was presented by Wu and Preneel and uses the weakn...

INTRODUCTION The beta thalassemias are common genetic disorders in Turkey and in this retrospective study our aim was to evaluate β-globin chain mutations and the phenotypic severity of β-thalassemia patients followed-up in our hospital, a tertiary center which serves patients from all regions of Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS 106 pediatric patients were analysed for β-globin gene mutations by...

In the macronuclear rRNA genes of Tetrahymena thermophila, a 413 bp intervening sequence (IVS) interrupts the 26S rRNA-coding region. A restriction fragment of the rDNA containing the IVS and portions of the adjacent rRNA sequences (exons) was inserted downstream from the lac UV5 promoter in a recombinant plasmid. Transcription of this template by purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vit...

Influenza A incidence peaks during winter in temperate regions. The basis for this pronounced seasonality is not understood, nor is it well documented how influenza A transmission principally occurs. Previous studies indicate that relative humidity (RH) affects both influenza virus transmission (IVT) and influenza virus survival (IVS). Here, we reanalyze these data to explore the effects of abs...

In this paper we show that Py and Pypy are practically insecure due to the flaw in their IV setup. With about 2 IVs (with special difference between the IVs), there are two identical keystreams.

Instrumental variables (IVs), sources of treatment randomization that are conditionally independent the outcome, play an important role in causal inference with unobserved confounders. However, existing IV-based counterfactual prediction methods need well-predefined IVs, while it’s art rather than science to find valid IVs many real-world scenes. Moreover, predefined hand-made could be weak or ...

Instrumental variables (IVs) are used to control for confounding and measurement error in observational studies. They allow for the possibility of making causal inferences with observational data. Like propensity scores, IVs can adjust for both observed and unobserved confounding effects. Other methods of adjusting for confounding effects, which include stratification, matching and multiple reg...

This study concerns the molecular characterization of beta-thalassemia (beta-thal) alleles in 210 chromosomes. In the studied population, mutations were detected in 98% of the beta-thalassemic chromosomes. Twenty-one molecular defects have been found, where the five dominant mutations, IVS-I-110 (G>A), nonsense mutation at codon 39 (C>T), the frameshift codon (FSC) 6 (-A), IVS-I-1 (G>A), and IV...

Thalassaemia is one of the most common inherited genetic disorders prevalent worldwide. In India, certain communities were identified with high risk of beta thalassaemia. There are more than 200 different types of beta thalassaemia mutations worldwide. The most common beta thalassaemia mutation, IVS 1-5 (G→C) is being analyzed here to get information whether this common mutation is prevailing a...

The sequence requirements for splicing of the Tetrahymena pre-rRNA have been examined by altering the rRNA gene to produce versions that contain insertions and deletions within the intervening sequence (IVS). The altered genes were transcribed and the RNA tested for self-splicing in vitro. A number of insertions (8-54 nucleotides) at three locations had no effect on self-splicing activity. Two ...