The social loafing effect, that subjects work harder alone than in groups, was contrasted against the use of two motivational techniques. Subjects were 80 undergraduate students at a midwestern university. A 2 x 2 factorial design was employed contrasting the use of group goals with the salience of evaluation apprehension. Subjects, working in groups of four, were asked to generate possible use...

Attempts to resolve the problems in software development have concentrated on the tools and methodologies used, despite an acceptance by many that it is a sociological problem. An example of this is the procedures and processes surrounding evaluations within projects, yet ultimately it depends on individuals more than process. This paper examines one of the sociological factors inherent in a so...

Different people choose undergraduate degrees to study at university for different reasons. To date, there have been limited attempts to identify individual differences in motivation that drive undergraduate degree choice. We identified that people choose university degrees for four reasons: career concerns (Career), intrinsic interest in the subject (Interest), an opportunity to help others (H...

Social loafing has been described as the phenomenon in which participants who work together generate less effort than do participants who work alone (e.g., Latane, Williams, & Harkins, 1979). Subsequent research (Harkins & Jackson, 1985; Williams, Harkins, & Latane, 1981) has shown that a particular aspect of this paradigm leads to the loafing effect. When participants "work together," their ou...

Social loafing refers to the behaviour of individual members of a team who have tendency not to work as hard as they could or should, because social groups provide a degree of anonymity such that individual team members feel that their poor performance will be hidden by the overall output of the team. Agile Software Development philosophy espouses the importance of cohesive project teams, the e...

Social loafing behavior refers to the situation in organizations where collectively produce products or services, hiding from duties and responsibilities of employees within group. exhibited by may have negative consequences for organizations. The phenomenon work alienation is also a experienced due many different reasons. As social behavior, can In this study, relationship between behaviors an...

The purpose of this study was to examine evidence of social loafing in elite female rowers when performing a simulation rowing task under alone and group conditions for durations of one-stroke, 1.5-min. and 10-min. Performance was measured as distance travelled (kilometers). A secondary purpose of the study was to ascertain evidence of concomitant changes in mood using the Profile of Mood State...

Previous researchers have demonstrated an effect termed social loafing: People expend less effort when working in groups than when working alone. The explanation of this decrement has been that people can "hide in the crowd" and get away with poor performance because their individual outputs are not identifiable; holding identifiability constant eliminates the loafing effect (Williams, Harkins ...

The primary purpose in this study was to extend theory and research regarding the motivational process in teams by examining the effects of hybrid rewards on team performance. Further, to better understand the underlying team level mechanisms, the authors examined whether the hypothesized benefits of hybrid over shared and individual rewards were due to increased information allocation and redu...