هدف: کارآفرینی یکی از عوامل کلیدی در توسعه اقتصادی و شاخص اساسی جوامع روبه‌رشد است. آنچه که کارآفرین را به آغاز فعالیت ترغیب می‌کند، انگیزه فرایند تبدیل یک فرد عادی است می‌تواند فرصت‌هایی ایجاد کند حداکثر رساندن ثروت کمک کند. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی طبقه‌بندی انگیزه‌های کارآفرینان می­باشد.طراحی/ روش‌شناسی/ رویکرد: با رویکرد مرور نظام­مند استفاده ماتریس شش سلولی دو مؤلفه جهت (کشش یا فشار) منبع (اق...

We have observed a striking differential effect of the ionophore, monensin, on replication of influenza virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and baby hamster kidney (BHK21) cells. In MDCK cells, influenza virus is assembled at the apical surfaces, whereas VSV particles bud from the basolateral membranes; no such polarity of maturation is exhibited in BH...

  Introduction: The preparation of seasonal influenza virus vaccines and especially its large-scale production requirement after the emergence or reemergence of a pandemic will need an alternative host cell system due to current suboptimal methods and the insufficiency of embryonated chicken eggs needed for producing them. In response to the vital and increasing demand for alternative means for ...

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسۀ واکنش ­پذیری هیجانی و نظریه ذهن کودکان بر اساس سبک ­های ابرازگری مادرانشان بود. روش: روش توصیفی نوع علّی-مقایسه­ ای بود در دو گام به صورت آنلاین انجام رسید. ابتدا با استفاده نمونه ­گیری دسترس، تعداد 105 نفر مادرانی که نمرات آن­ها هر یک پرسشنامه کینگ امونز (1990)، دوسوگرایی (1990) کنترل راجر نشوور (1987) انحراف استاندارد بالاتر میانگین دست آمد (در گروه 35 نفر) دوم وا...

Expression of a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell taurine transporter was examined in Xenopus oocytes that had been injected with poly(A)+ RNA extracted from MDCK cells. Compared with water-injected oocytes, injection of total poly(A)+ RNA resulted in an increase in Na+-dependent taurine uptake which was directly related to the amount of RNA injected. The magnitude of expression in poly(A)+...

Kidney-derived Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells form lumina at their apices, and target luminal proteins to an intracellular vacuolar apical compartment (VAC) when prevented from polarizing. Hepatocytes, by contrast, organize their luminal surfaces (the bile canaliculi; BC) between their lateral membranes, and, when nonpolarized, they display an intracellular luminal compartment that is d...

the influenza viruses are major etiologic agents of human respiratory infections, and inflict a sizable health and economic burden. this study examines the antiinfluenza virus activity of hydroalcoholic extract of olive leaves (olhe). olive leaves were collected from gardens around the city of shiraz, characterized, dried, ground to powder, and its hydroalcoholic extract was prepared. the influ...

Many intracellular parasites are capable of penetrating host epithelial barriers. To study this process in more detail we examined the interactions between the pathogenic bacteria Salmonella choleraesuis and polarized epithelial monolayers of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on membrane filters. Association of bacteria with the MDCK cell apical surface was an active event, requiring...

Epithelial cells are important in inflammation and immunity. In this study, we examined if Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells express functional P2X7 receptors, which bind the damage-associated molecular pattern extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immunoblotting revealed the expression of P2X7 in MDCK cells. A flow cytometric assay de...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated renal drug interactions in an in vitro model of tubular secretion. DESIGN In vitro experiment. SETTING University-affiliated pharmacokinetics laboratory. CELL LINES: Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), multidrug-resistant-1 (MDR1)-MDCK, and human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells. INTERVENTION Transepithelial transport (basolateral-to-...