In the wake of on-going successful programmes for global eradication of rinderpest and the current effort to contain the spread of avian influenza, the progressive world-wide control of FMD must be regarded as a major contribution to the international public good. FMD is the single most animal disease constraint to international trade in animal products. Its control is relevant, on the one hand...

The world distribution of foot and mouth disease (FMD) is almost a mirror image of the global economic structure. In general, industrialised countries are free while the disease is endemic in developing countries. In recent years, several incursions of FMD have been recorded in countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), all of which have been finan...

BACKGROUND Although chronic effects of exercise on endothelial function are established, the impact of acute exercise on flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of brachial artery has not been elucidated yet. METHODS Eighty-six young healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled from January 2011 to December 2011. The subjects completed FMD tests at rest and immediately after treadmill exercise test....

Endothelial dysfunction is the postulated link between coronary artery disease (CAD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD) is a non-invasive surrogate marker for endothelial function assessment. Despite Asian Indians representing a considerable global CAD burden, data on FMD and ED in these patients are lacking. Of the 225 patients undergoing coronary...

The pathogenesis of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) remains unclear, but tobacco use is thought to be involved. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate smoking first as a risk factor for renal artery FMD diagnosis and second as a modifier of the clinical and radiological phenotype of this disease. We retrieved 337 adult patients diagnosed with FMD in a referral center for hyper...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. An outbreak of FMD can produce devastating economic losses for a considerable length of time. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics of FMD in China, data from 2010 to 2016 were collected, including information on 65 outbreaks of FMD (25 by serotype A and 40 by serotype O), and 5,937 diseased...

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) causes substantial economic losses to the predominantly agricultural community of the Kingdom of Nepal. FMD is endemic in the country and four of the seven serotypes of FMD virus have been isolated (O, A, C and Asia 1). The epidemiology of FMD and the factors which play a role in its prevalence and spread are outlined. The National Epidemiological Laboratory for FMD...

foot and mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hooved livestock and wildlife results to relatively high mortality in young animals. despite the numerous reports of fmd-related death in neonates, there is little data available on various aspects of fmd in lambs. this report describes myocarditis associated with fmd in five, one week to three months old lambs. the lam...

OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in healthy middle-age men. BACKGROUND Carotid IMT and brachial artery FMD are frequently used as surrogate measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Whereas carotid IMT identifies early structural abnormalities, brachial artery FMD, considered a bioass...