OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in a large sample of 12-13-year-old children and to compare assessments of treatment need according to three methods. DESIGN A random sample of 5,112 Malaysian children was drawn according to a multi-stage technique which accounted for the ethnic composition of the population. Subjects were examined using both components of the I...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents. METHODS A random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at th...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of PIDAQ for application in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN The questionnaire was translated, cross-culturally adapted and completed by 627 adolescents (366 12-year-olds and 261 15-year-olds). The adolescents were also examined by 4 examiners who had been calibrated against a gold standard and rel...

The aims of this study were two-fold. First to compare the perceptions of African dental aesthetics as determined by a panel of black African Senegalese and French Caucasian judges, and second to compare the sensitivity and specificity of both components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) in relation to the opinions of African ...

Introduction: Facial esthetics as well as dental health improvements is the main concern of orthodontic treatment. Dentofacial appearance that deviates from normal may have a negative impact on social, physiological and psychological functions. But individual’s attitude to its malocclusion is an important factor in determining treatment need. Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the pe...

Energy security and energy trade are the cornerstones of global economic social development. The structural robustness international oil network (iOTN) plays an important role in economy. We integrate machine learning optimization algorithm, game theory, utility theory for decision-making model that contains benefit endowment cost economies trades. have reconstructed degree, clustering coeffici...

Background: Malocclusion occurs due to a change in dimensions from primary teeth permanent teeth. The most common malocclusion children aged 9-11 years is caused by the eruption of canines and second premolars, requiring orthodontic treatment. To be able determine level need for treatment, an index needed, one which Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Aesthetic (DAI). clinic at RS...