١٣ ١٤ The era of earthquake risk and loss estimation basically began with the seminal paper on ١٥ earthquake, the first studies placed strong emphasis on the prediction of human losses ١٧ (number of casualties and injured) and to foresee the needs in terms of health care and ١٨ shelters in the immediate aftermath of a strong event. In contrast to the early risk modeling ١٩ efforts, the later st...

Abstract A general methodology to evaluate vulnerability functions suitable for a probabilistic global risk assessment is proposed. The methodology is partially based in the methodological approach of the Multihazard Loss Estimation Methodology (Hazus) developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The vulnerability assessment process considers the resolution, information and limi...

هدف از این پژوهش اعتبار سنجی پرسشنامه جدید ۴ عاملی سیستم خود انگیزشی زبان دوم بعنوان یکی عوامل تاثیرگذار بر یادگیری انگلیسی بوده است. در تحقیق طرح پیمایشی به شیوه ی الگوی معادلات ساختاری نوع تحلیل تأییدی استفاده شده تعداد ۵۹۹ نفر (۳۰۸ دانشجوی خانم و ۲۹۱ آقا) سطح پیش متوسطه رده سنی ۲۵-۱۸سال که دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی – واحد تهران شرق رشته های مختلف تحصیلی مشغول تحصیل می باشند، شرکت کردند. آنجائیکه ا...

اجرای موفقیت‌آمیز انواع مدل‌های در مقیاس منطقه‌ای به انتخاب نوع داده و الگوریتم مناسب بازمی‌گردد. این نکته، کنار ممکن‌نبودن اندازه‌گیری تمامی اجزای طبیعت، منجر شکل‌گیری تحولی بزرگ شیوة درک پدیده‌ها شده است. شیوه، می‌توان هر جزء از طبیعت را به‌صورت یک عدد کمّی هندسة فراکتال درآورد. پژوهش حاضر، به‌منظور بررسی بعد شبکة زهکشی روی سازندهای زمین‌شناسی حوضة دشت یزد‌ـ اردکان، هم‌زمان الگوریتم‌های جریان ...

Fragility curves, commonly derived using analytical methods, are important ingredients of seismic risk analysis structures in the framework performance-based earthquake engineering. Hence, accurate estimation realistic fragility functions is a decisive *: Bayesian updating considering diffuse prior step reliable assessment. This paper proposes procedure applied to curves reinforced concrete (RC...

Humanitarian relief is a key operation after a disaster for people who are isolated in disaster-affected areas and cannot get basic supplies for daily living. Because the demand can be large and unexpected, an efficient humanitarian relief logistics planning becomes extremely important. In a recent paper, Lin et al. (2009) proposed a logistics model for disaster relief operations. In this paper...

This paper examines the spatial variability in the social vulnerability of residents to potential levee failures in the Sacramento Delta region. To determine the likely flood exposure, levees of concern to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and California’s Department of Water Resources were mapped. The HAZUS-MH loss estimation software and 100-year protection standard were used to hypothetically...

Spurred in part by the rising economic costs of natural disasters, there has been a dramatic increase in efforts aimed at estimating the direct and indirect losses caused by earthquakes. For example, in 1997 the journal Earthquake Spectra devoted a special issue to loss estimation. Papers appearing in that publication ranged from cost-benefit analyses of structural rehabilitation strategies (D’...