An IgM monoclonal antibody (AGP3) against polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to assay PEG-modified proteins by ELISA. PEG-modified beta-glucuronidase could be measured at concentrations as low as 15 ng/mL, corresponding to 750 pg (1.8 fmol) of conjugate. This ELISA should be generally applicable to all PEG-modified proteins because AGP3 binds the backbone of the PEG chain independent of the lin...

Amphotericin B (AMB) is a highly hydrophobic antifungal, whose use is limited by its toxicity and poor solubility. To improve its solubility, AMB was reacted with a functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG), yielding soluble complex AmB-PEG formulations that theoretically comprise of chemically conjugated AMB-PEG and free AMB that is physically associated with the conjugate. Reverse-phase chroma...

CONTEXT Enteral feeding is indicated for patients unable to maintain appropriate oral intake, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the most adequate long-term enteral access. Peristomal infections are the most common complications of PEG, occurring in up to 8% of patients, despite the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The "introducer" PEG-gastropexy technique avoids PEG tube passage ...

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, c...

It is unknown whether peginterferon (PEG-IFN) add-on to entecavir (ETV) leads to more HBsAg decline compared to PEG-IFN monotherapy or combination therapy, and whether ETV therapy may prevent HBsAg increase after PEG-IFN cessation. We performed a post hoc analysis of 396 HBeAg-positive patients treated for 72 weeks with ETV + 24 weeks PEG-IFN add-on from week 24 to 48 (add-on, n = 85), 72 weeks...

Anti-PEG antibodies have been reported to mediate the accelerated clearance of PEG-conjugated proteins and liposomes, all of which contain methoxyPEG (mPEG). The goal of this research was to assess the role of the methoxy group in the immune responses to mPEG conjugates and the potential advantages of replacing mPEG with hydroxyPEG (HO-PEG). Rabbits were immunized with mPEG, HO-PEG, or t-butoxy...

Water potential (Psiomega) values were determined for aqueous colloids of four molecular sizes of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using freezing-point depression and vapor-pressure deficit methods. A significant third-order interaction exists between the method used to determine Psiomega, PEG molecular size, and concentration. At low PEG concentrations, freezing-point depression measurements result i...

Covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to active proteins (PEGylation technology) successfully generated several FDA-approved compounds, including four blockbusters, which are considered non immunogenic. However, PEG antibodies and intolerance to the infusion were reported in some patients with gout treated with pegloticase, a PEG-uricase recently approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Ad...

researched for use in drug toxicity reduction and/or drug targeting to desired target tissues. However, liposomes are rapidly removed from the circulation following their intravenous administration primarily by Kupffer cells in the liver and fixed macrophages in the spleen. Thus, it is important to develop modified liposomes that are able to avoid uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES) ...