This paper reports a numerical modeling of a NPN SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) taking into account the impact of electrically active defects in the HBT device. The purpose was to investigate the DC and low frequency noise performances of SiGe HBT taking into account effect of base implantation defects. These defects physically located at emitter-base junction, are responsible for...

InP HBT technology appears to offer the high speed, low power and basic producibility necessary to support a high-speed digital IC technology. Maximum clock speed of 53 GHz has been demonstrated at 40 mW per flip-flop (FF) as compared to well over 200 mW/FF for SiGe at slower speeds. At a power dissipation of less than 9 mW/FF, toggle rate is still a respectable 35 GHz. Producibility and high s...

Several fungal laccases have been compared for the oxidation of a nonphenolic lignin dimer, 1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propan-1,3-diol (I), and a phenolic lignin model compound, phenol red, in the presence of the redox mediators 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1-HBT) or violuric acid. The oxidation rates of dimer I by the laccases were in the following order: Trametes villosa laccase ...

Although in vivo nonviral gene delivery to the liver is critical for hepatic gene therapy, there are a number of technical obstacles. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding DNA was coated onto gold particles (gold-DNA), dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (pure DNA), and prepared as a polymer adjuvant (jetPEI)-galactosidase solution (polymer-DNA). Murine liver transfection was at...

Background and study aims Patients who receive warfarin usually require heparin bridge therapy (HBT) to prevent thromboembolic events during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, clinical evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of HBT during gastric ESD is limited. Conversely, warfarin can be continuously used as a substitute for HBT to endoscopic procedures which have a low r...

In the current studies, we used Lineweaver-Burke analysis to examine the role of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) in the oxidation of various compounds by laccase from Trametes versicolor. At low concentrations, HBT was a competitive inhibitor of the oxidation, but at high concentrations, it was a noncompetitive inhibitor. Analysis of the oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by the laccase-HBT couple sho...

The effects of anisotropic transverse collective flow on the HBT correlation function is studied. There exist three different physics contributions related to flow which affect the correlation function: anisotropic source shape, anisotropic space-momentum correlations in pion emission, and the effects related to the HBT measurement of the size of a moving source in different reference frames. R...

This paper explains the development of physical model Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) and characterizes its performance as an optoelectronic mixer (OEM). HBT has been identified as a suitable device to be implemented in optoelectronic mixers by simultaneously photodetecting an intensity modulated laser beam at 1550nm and frequency translating the detected signal to a higher or lower fre...

Both whole word modelling and context modelling have proven to improve recognition performance for connected digit strings. In this paper we will show that word boundary variation can be effectively modelled by applying the Head-Body-Tail (HBT) method as proposed by Chou et al in [1] and also applied by Gandhi in [2]. Each digit is split into three parts, representing the beginning, middle and ...

Purpose: To compare the Physiologic Strain Index (PSI) induced by maximal treadmill exercise with and without added heat stress as part of medical evaluation for hazardous materials (hazmat) work requiring protective ensembles which block evaporative and convective heat transfer. Also, to extend comparison of PSI versus published values from hazmat simulations. Methods: Candidates for hazmat du...