Abstract Climate change projections (CCPs) are based on the multimodel means of individual climate model simulations that assumed to be independent. However, similarity leads biased toward largest set similar models and intermodel uncertainty underestimation. We assessed influences similarities in CMIP6 through CMIP3 CCPs. ascertained from shared physics/dynamics initial conditions by comparing...

In this study we assessed the representation of sea surface salinity (SSS) and liquid freshwater content (LFWC) Arctic Ocean in historical simulation 31 CMIP6 models with comparison to 39 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models, investigated projected changes solid budget scenarios two different shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP2-4.5 SSP5-8.5). No significant improvement w...

Abstract This paper introduces the experimental designs and outputs of Diagnostic, Evaluation Characterization Klima (DECK), historical, Scenario Model Intercomparison Project (MIP), Paleoclimate MIP (PMIP) experiments from Nanjing University Information Science Technology Earth System version 3 (NESM3). Results show that NESM3 reasonably simulates modern climate major internal modes variabilit...

Data on projected climate conditions for the future is essential many applications in change impact studies. Yet, with release of CMIP6, increasing amount data poses challenges users to access and process data. Here we present chelsa_cmip6 package create bioclimatic variables climatological normals based CHELSA ver. 2.1 cloud CMIP6 user defined geographical extents. The offers simple servers. I...

Future projections indicate the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) will weaken and shoal in response to global warming, but models disagree widely over amount of weakening. We analyze projected AMOC weakening 27 CMIP6 climate models, terms changes three return pathways AMOC. The branch that returns through diffusive upwelling Indo-Pacific, does not later upwell Southern Ocean (S...

Detection and attribution (D&A) simulations were important components of CMIP5 and underpinned the climate change detection and attribution assessments of the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The primary goals of the Detection and Attribution Model Intercomparison Project (DAMIP) are to facilitate improved estimation of the contributions of anthropogenic...