In this paper we will establish a generalized Swap Market Model (GSMM) by unifying the stochastic process of swap rates with constant tenors under a single swap measure. GSMM is a natural extension of Libor Market Model (LMM) for swap rates, and LMM can be considered as a special case of GSMM since Libors is a special swap rate with the constant tenor of one period. GSMM can be applied for pric...

Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells acting as key mediators of bone disorders. Upon adhesion to bone, osteoclasts polarize and reorganize their cytoskeleton to generate a ring-like F-actin-rich structure, the sealing zone, wherein the osteoclast's resorptive organelle, the ruffled border, is formed. The dynamic self-organization of actin-rich adhesive structures, the podosomes, from clusters t...

In this work we analyze the concept of swap-invariance, which is a weaker variant of exchangeability. An integrable random vector ξ in R is called swap-invariant if E ∣∣∑ j ujξj ∣∣ is invariant under all permutations of the components of ξ for each u ∈ R. Further a random sequence is swap-invariant if its finite-dimensional distributions are swap-invariant. Two characterizations of large classe...

The effects of dynamic quantum allocation and swap-time variability on central processing unit (CPU) behavior are investigated using a model that allows both quantum length and swap-time to be statedependent random variables. Effective CPU utilization is defined to be the proportion of a CPU busy period that is devoted to program processing, i.e. the time not spent in swapping. Using this measu...

این پژوهش با الهام گرفتن از نتایج یک طرح مطالعاتی کاربردی، رویکرد سلسله­‌مراتبی جهت پیگیری فرایند توسعه تأمین‌کنندگان و حمایت تصمیمات موجود در هر مراحل آن ارائه‌ می‌کند. ابتدا، زمینه‌های تأمین نیازمند سپس واجد شرایط هریک زمینه‌ها به کمک تصمیم‌گیری چندشاخصه بهترین-بدترین مشخص می‌گردند. معیارهای شناسایی نیز مرور مطالعات پیشین بهره‌گیری نظرات خبرگان حوزه‌ی خرید استخراج‌شده‌اند. درنهایت، مدل ریاضی ...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether frequency-doubling perimetry (FDP) predicts future visual field loss with achromatic automated perimetry (AAP), just as it may be predicted with short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP). METHODS We recruited 62 patients selectively from an urban glaucoma practice. At the commencement of the study, each patient had ocular hypertension with normal visual fiel...

To make ad hoc wireless networks adaptive to different mobility and traffic patterns, this paper proposes an approach to swap from one protocol to another protocol dynamically, while routing continues. By the insertion of a thin new layer, we were able to make each node in the ad hoc wireless network notify each other about the protocol swap. To ensure that routing works efficiently after the p...