background :  pathogenic bacteria because of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance genes are dangerous to society. this resistance due to esbl genes, plasmids and transposons that by receiving or mutation occurs. the most important factor beta-lactam antibiotic resistance is beta lactamase enzymes. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of hospital opportunistic pathogenic bacteria...

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malpractice in preparation and administration of intravenous (iv) medications has been reported frequently. inadequate knowledge of nurses has been reported as a cause of such errors. we aimed to evaluate the role of nurses' education via installation of wall posters and giving informative pamphlets in reducing the errors in preparation and administration of intravenous drugs in 2 wards (icu an...

concomitant use of several drugs by icu( intensive care unit) patients is often unavoidable. in these patients, pharmacokinetic drug interactions are very likely. the current study was designed to evaluate these interactions in patients hospitalized in an icu of a teaching hospital in tehran, iran. a questionnaire was designed and used to collect study data. the study was done in the icu of a t...