The cartilage lesion resulting from osteoarthritis (OA) always extends into subchondral bone. It is of great importance for simultaneous regeneration of two tissues of cartilage and subchondral bone. 3D-printed Sr5(PO4)2SiO4 (SPS) bioactive ceramic scaffolds may achieve the aim of regenerating both of cartilage and subchondral bone. We hypothesized that strontium (Sr) and silicon (Si) ions rele...

Studies have shown that single-prolonged stress (SPS) can induce the apoptotic process in the amygdala. In the present study, we aimed to detect expression of phosphorylated p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK1/2) and apoptosis-related Bax and Bcl-2 and apoptotic cell death in the amygdala region in SPS rats as well as the relation between pERK1/2 and apoptosis. A total of 75 mal...

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), a key enzyme in sucrose biosynthesis, is regulated by protein phosphorylation and shows a circadian pattern of activity in tomato. SPS is most active in its dephosphorylated state, which normally coincides with daytime. Applying okadaic acid, a potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, prevents SPS activation. More interesting is that a brief treatment with cyclohe...

Polypeptides containing ≤100 amino acid residues (AAs) are generally considered to be small proteins (SPs). Many studies have shown that some SPs are involved in important biological processes, including cell signaling, metabolism, and growth. SP generally has a simple domain and has an advantage to be used as model system to overcome folding speed limits in protein folding simulation and drug ...

This paper estimates the capitalization of the Single Payment Scheme (SPS) into land values. The theory suggests that the relationship between the SPS and land rents is non-linear and discontinuous, because the SPS impact on land values depends on many factors, such as policy implementation details, market imperfections and institutional regulations. In empirical analysis we employ a unique far...

Tests of 25 strains of Neisseria meningitidis for sensitivity to sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) showed that the sensitivity of strains varied with both inoculum size and SPS concentration. In Trypticase soy broth (TSB), 2 out of 13 strains were sensitive to 0.05% SPS, whereas 8 out of 13 strains were sensitive to the same concentration of SPS in brain heart infusion (BHI). In artificial blo...

BACKGROUND Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) is a chelating agent used for the treatment of hyperkalemia. SPS has a wide range of exchange capacity requiring close monitoring of serum electrolytes. We observed two patients who developed acute hypocalcemia and increased metabolic alkalosis after initiating SPS therapy. We report these cases to draw attention to the potential risk of this medica...

introduction:this study examined the effects of administration of subcutaneous β-estradiol on ptsd-like symptoms (the enhanced conditioned fear response, cfr) that induced by a single-prolonged stress (sps) and shock in rats. adult male wistar rats were exposed to sps procedure: restraint for 2 h, forced swim for 20 min, and ether anesthesia. then the rats were placed in fear conditioning syste...

While the anatomical relations between the amygdala, parahippocampal cortices, and hippocampus have been studied extensively, little is known about how they interact. To address this issue, we studied the timing of entorhinal (ENT), subicular, and basolateral amygdaloid (BL) discharges with respect to previously unknown population events, hereafter termed sharp potentials (SPs), that appear in ...