This research topic of Frontiers in Immunology focuses on T cells residing in mucosal tissues and is dedicated to a pioneer in the field, Leo Lefrancois. As mucosal tissues are the major portals of pathogen entry, the generation and functions of tissue-resident T cells are crucial for mediating protection and immune homeostasis at these sites. Unlike previously described T cell subsets, these t...

Sepsis is a systemic infection that enhances host vulnerability to secondary infections normally controlled by T cells. Using CLP sepsis model, we observed that sepsis induces apoptosis of circulating memory CD8 T-cells (TCIRCM) and diminishes their effector functions, leading to impaired CD8 T-cell mediated protection to systemic pathogen re-infection. In the context of localized re-infections...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate antidepressant-like effect (Porsolt test), locomotor activity and motor coordination of joint administration of tramadol (TRM) and venlafaxine (VEN) in rats. METHODS The tests were performed on male Wistar rats after single and chronic treatment (7 and 14 days) with TRM intraperitoneally (ip) and VEN orally (po) administered once a day. The con...

BACKGROUND The throwing motion results in unilateral increases in dominant arm external rotation (ER) range of motion (ROM). Trunk forward tilt at ball release is related to ball velocity. The relationship between lower quarter flexibility and dominant arm ROM is not known. HYPOTHESIS There is a relationship between lower extremity flexibility and dominant arm ER ROM and total rotation ROM. ...

There is very little theory developed for the calculation of the Transmission Reliability Margin (TRM) in the Available Transfer Capability (ATC) computation of electric power systems. This paper proposes and evaluates several different approaches to the calculation of TRM. The TRM is supposed to account for uncertainty in the operating conditions used in computing Total Transfer Capability (TT...

Catastrophic events, such as the Sichuan Province earthquake in China on May 12, 2008, cause massive suffering. They put a huge strain on local response capacities because of distress of the civilian population and also death and traumatization of local responders. Mental health approaches are needed that are efficient and that help provide stabilization to both responders and civilians. The ar...

Genetic factors are thought to play a major role in the etiology of essential tremor (ET); however, few genetic changes that induce ET have been identified to date. In the present study, to find genes responsible for the development of ET, we employed a rat model system consisting of a tremulous mutant strain, TRM/Kyo (TRM), and its substrain TRMR/Kyo (TRMR). The TRM rat is homozygous for the t...

The concept of time reversal (TR) of scalar wave is reexamined from basic principles. Five different time reversal mirrors (TRM) are introduced and their relations are analyzed. For the boundary behavior, it is shown that for paraxial wave only the monopole TR scheme satisfies the exact boundary condition while for the spherical wave only the MD-mode TR scheme satisfies the exact boundary condi...

A time-reversal mirror (TRM) is made of an array of transmit-receive transducers. The incident pressure fieldis sampled, digitized, stored, time-reversed and then re-emitted. This process can be used to focus, through inhomogeneous media, on a reflective target that may behave as an acoustic source after being insonified. A 64-channel prototype has been built and TRM experiments demonstrating t...