Oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (Ox-PAPC) upregulates a spectrum of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules different from those induced by classic inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) or lipopolysaccharide. Interestingly, Ox-PAPC also induces the expression of a set of proteins similar to those induced by TNF-a or lipopolysacch...

Introduction Our group has previously demonstrated that oxidized phospholipids in mildly oxidized LDL (MM-LDL) produced by oxidation with lipoxygenase, iron, or cocultures of artery wall cells increase monocyte-endothelial interactions and this sequence of events is blocked by HDL. To obtain further insight into the mechanism by which HDL abolishes the activity of MM-LDL we investigated the eff...

This supplementary material includes numerical examples demonstrating the flexibility and potential of the algorithm PAPC developed in the paper. We show that PAPC does behave numerically as predicted by the theory, and can efficiently solve problems which cannot be solved by well known state of the art algorithms sharing the same efficiency estimate. Here for illustration purposes, we compare ...

Cleft-like boundaries represent a type of cell sorting boundary characterized by the presence of a physical gap between tissues. We studied the cleft-like ectoderm-mesoderm boundary in Xenopus laevis and zebrafish gastrulae. We identified the transcription factor Snail1 as being essential for tissue separation, showed that its expression in the mesoderm depends on noncanonical Wnt signaling, an...

The present work investigated the mechanism for down-regulation of thrombomodulin (TM), an anticoagulant glycoprotein, on cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to lipid extracts from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). HUVECs exposed to phospholipid extracts, but not to free cholesterol, triglyceride, or cholesterol ester, isolated from ox-LDL reduced TM mRNA levels t...

P pili are extracellular appendages responsible for the targeting of uropathogenic Escherichia coli to the kidney. They are assembled by the chaperone-usher (CU) pathway of pilus biogenesis involving two proteins, the periplasmic chaperone PapD and the outer membrane assembly platform, PapC. Many aspects of the structural biology of the Pap CU pathway have been elucidated, except for the C-term...

Assembly of P pili on the surface of pyelonephritic Escherichia coli proceeds from periplasmic chaperone-subunit complexes. The outer membrane protein PapC, which has been termed a molecular usher, is thought to be the site of assembly, where the chaperone dissociates from the subunits as they are incorporated into the pilus across the outer membrane. The kinetics of assembly and the energy req...

Protocadherins have been shown to regulate cell adhesion, cell migration, cell survival, and tissue morphogenesis in the embryo and the central nervous system, but little is known about the mechanism of protocadherin function. We previously showed that Xenopus paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) mediates cell sorting and morphogenesis by down-regulating the adhesion activity of a classical cadherin, ...

Ma, Zheng, Jiang Li, Lijuan Yang, Ying Mu, Wen Xie, Bruce Pitt, and Song Li. Inhibition of LPSand CpG DNA-induced TNFresponse by oxidized phospholipids. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 286: L808–L816, 2004. First published November 26, 2003; 10.1152/ajplung.00220.2003.—Lipid oxidation is commonly seen in the innate immune response, in which reactive oxygen intermediates are generated to kill...