Achene morphology of 49 taxa of the genus Centaurea L. was studied in terms of 19 different characteristics. On the basis of the variation in these features, some sections, such as sect. Cyanus with hairy hilum, were separated. Despite various differences, C. leuzeoides and C. gilanica were categorized in the section Psephelloideae, a section with lots of character variations within its species...

<i>Verbascum scamandri</i> Murb. known as "Kazdağı Mullein" is an endemic species in Türkiye and classified endangered (EN) species. The aim of this study to establish efficient callus culture for <i>V. analyze the amounts verbascoside, luteolin, aucubin metabolites calli samples. Leaf explants were cultured on MS medium with cytokinin (BAP, Kin, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 mg/L) auxin (N...