Summary Insulin resistance is an essential characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which can be induced by glucotoxicity and adipose chronic inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) their exosomes were reported to ameliorate T2DM its complications immunoregulatory healing abilities. Exosomes derived from MSCs contain abundant molecules mediate crosstalk between mimic biological fu...

Objective: Ganoderma Lucidum (G. Lucidum) has been suggested to increase serum insulin level.This study was undertaken to investigateits direct effect on the islets of Langerhans. Material and Methods: Male albino Wistar rats were anesthetized and the islets were isolated after digestion of the pancreas with collagenase. The islets were incubated for 60 min in Krebs bicarbonate buffer containi...

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor stimulate protein synthesis cardioprotection in the heart, acting through their receptors (INSRs, IGF1Rs) signalling via kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt). Protein is increased hearts perfused at alkaline pHo to same extent with insulin. Moreover, ?1-adrenergic receptor (?1-AR) agonists (e.g. phenylephrine) increase cardiomyocytes, activating PKB/Akt. In b...