In the present study, we examined the role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in interleukin (IL)-10 production by dendritic cells (DCs) using bone-marrow derived DCs from wild type (WT) and TNF-α knockout (TNF-α(-/-)) mice. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation induced substantial level of IL-10 production by WT DCs, but significantly low level of IL-10 production by TNF-α(-/-) DCs. In contrast, no...

Background: To investigate the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 in the plasma of patients with lung cancer who received radiation therapy (RT), and to analyze the correlation between these cytokines and radiation pneumonitis (RP). Materials and Methods: Patients with lung cancer who received 3D-CRT in our hospital were prospectively evaluated. Circulating cytokine levels were measured wit...

Short-term preexposure of mononuclear cells to epinephrine inhibits LPS-induced production of TNF, whereas preexposure for 24 h results in increased TNF production. To assess the effects of epinephrine infusions of varying duration on in vivo responses to LPS, the following experiments were performed: ( a ) Blood obtained from eight subjects at 4–24 h after the start of a 24-h infusion of epine...

In tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis, there is evidence that increased production of IFN-γ, TNF-α and absence of IL-10 is associated with strong inflammatory reaction and with tissue destruction and development of the lesions observed in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). We evaluate the role of regulatory cytokines and cytokine antagonists in...

background: tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-α) is a primary mediator of immune regulation and might be required in the early stages of dc development from cd34+ cells. however, details of optimal timing of exposure to tnf-α in dc development process in monocytes or non-purified hematopoitic cells are still lacking and clear benefits of this approach to the development of dcs remain to be valid...