BACKGROUND The 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts for the United States include population reference data for body mass index (BMI)-for-age (ages 2-19 y) and weight-for-stature (from 77 to 121 cm). For younger children, either set of reference data could be used. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare BMI-for-age with weight-for-stature. DESIGN We us...

AIM To investigate correlation of perinatal risk factors in newborns with gastrointestinal perforation (GIP). METHODS Single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 1990 and December 2012. Medical records on all newborns with GIP were reviewed (n = 35). Surgical records and histopathologic examination of all perforated intestine samples were also reviewed. RESULTS Th...

Researchers of mathematics learning disability (MLD) commonly use cutoff scores to determine which participants have MLD. Some researchers apply more restrictive cutoffs than others (e.g., performance below the 10th vs. below the 35th percentile). Different cutoffs may lead to groups of children that differ in their profile of math and related skills, including reading, visual-spatial, and work...

The wage of the 90th (richest) percentile of the wage distribution in Chile increased faster than the median wage and the wage of the 10th percentile between 1975 and 1990. By contrast, from 1990 onwards the wage of the 10th percentile and the median wage grew faster than the 90th percentile. This is one of many findings showing that wage inequality in Chile has been falling, first slowly, then...

BACKGROUND In maternal PKU, protein substitute (PS) is provided by phenylalanine (PHE)-free l-amino acids (AA), but glycomacropeptide-based protein substitute (GMP) is an alternative consideration. OBJECTIVE To describe the first Portuguese Maternal Phenylketonuria (MPKU) partially managed with GMP. CASE REPORT A 31 year old MPKU female with classical PKU (mutations P281L/P281L), diagnosed ...

OBJECTIVES To examine reasons behind the failure of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to preserve puff count information from standard cigarette testing and to elucidate the importance of puff count to overall tar yields. METHODS We reviewed industry documents on origins of the FTC test and datasets provided by the Tobacco Institute Testing Laboratory to the tobacco industry and FTC for repo...

IMPORTANCE Physician practice consolidation could promote higher-quality care but may also create greater economic market power that could lead to higher prices for physician services. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between physician competition and prices paid by private preferred provider organizations (PPOs) for 10 types of office visits in 10 prominent specialties. DESIGN AND SETT...

The authors investigated variations in cognitive ability by gestational age among 13,824 children at age 6.5 years who were born at term with normal weight, using data from a prospective cohort recruited in 1996-1997 in Belarus. The mean differences in the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence were examined by gestational age in completed weeks and by fetal growth after controlling for ma...

PURPOSE Heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome, but whether more moderate alcohol consumption is associated with such adverse pregnancy outcomes as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) remains controversial. METHODS Using data from a case-control study, we examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and risk for IUGR among 701 case and 336 c...