BACKGROUND In human cirrhosis, adrenergic hyperfunction causes proximal tubular fluid retention and contributes to diuretic-resistant ascites, and clonidine, a sympatholytic drug, improves natriuresis in difficult-to-treat ascites. AIM To compare clonidine (aspecific α2-adrenoceptor agonist) to SSP-002021R (prodrug of guanfacine, specific α2A-receptor agonist), both associated with diuretics,...

Introduction. The article deals with plated (lamellar) armguards (‘oversleeves’) used by warriors of the Chagatai Ulus and Timurid Empire. Goals. study aims to identify key trends in evolution across Ulus, empire Amir Timur, states late 14th early 16th centuries. Results. reveals oversleeve-type were not that rare exotic then armour patterns as is sometimes believed, for several centuries forme...

Traditional methods of Western education, the "transmission model," have their roots in the monastic schools of the 7th and 8th century A.D. and subsequently the early European universities of the 13th and 14th centuries (Knowles, 1980). Similarly, notions of "quality" education are also centuries, even millennia, old. It is important to note that the context for determining quality has histori...

Economists have traditionally classified a nation's tract into internal and external transactions. Both types of transactions are important to the business historian. The nature of economic development for a nation is influenced by many factors, including climate, arable land, water power, natural resources, and the educational and training level of its citizens. Import-export transactions have...