this essay is about mulla sadra and allameh tabatabaei’s views on the concept and extension of the “world of zar (pre-existence)” (the pervading meaning of verse 172, al-araf, holly quran). in this research, based on sadra and tabatabaei’s basic thoughts and by using the descriptive and analytic method the following results have been achieved: 1. the existence of the world of zar is proved by s...

Magic is “a concept used to describe a mode of rationality or way of thinking that looks to invisible forces to influence events, effect change in material conditions, or present the illusion of change” (Encyclopedia Britannica s.v. magic). “Magic and sorcery are the influencing of events, objects, people, and physical phenomena by mystical, paranormal or supernatural means. The terms can also ...

The use of desalination technologies which produce concentrated brines is acutely limited by inadequate waste brine disposal mechanisms such that the brine does not contaminate fresh water resources. The treatment of highly saline brine using freeze desalination technique trade marked as HybridICE technology was investigated at pilot scale. The capacity of the HybridICE process to generate fres...

Chlorination, ozonation and non-thermal plasma water purification technologies were compared in terms of their effectiveness, efficiency, capital operating costs, energy yield chemical demand. Retrofitting technology to chlorination plants offered the lowest cost (ZAR 14,000 or USD 253,376 based on current South African Reserve Bank rate ZAR/USD 18.0983) most effective contaminant removal (of t...