Exemestane (EXE) is an endocrine therapy commonly used by postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive breast cancer due to its potency in inhibiting aromatase-catalyzed estrogen synthesis. Preliminary in vitro studies sought to identify phase I EXE metabolites and hepatic cytochrome P450s (CYP450s) that participate in EXE biotransformation. Phase I metabolites were identified by incubating EXE...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of a combination of bioidentical combined 17β-estradiol and progesterone transdermal delivery system (lipophilic emulsion-type base) to relieve climacteric symptoms. The hormonal replacement was given during a period of 6 months at four different cyclic doses to mimic the normal ovary secretory pattern. DESIGN An open, randomized, comparative, between-patien...

Epidemiological and clinical life cycle studies indicate that favorable illness course and better response to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) in women with schizophrenia are positively correlated with estrogen levels. Accordingly, the estrogen hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes a neuroprotective role of estrogen in women vulnerable to schizophrenia. Previously we demonstrated in the rat that low l...

BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrate that acetylation of the transcription factor, p53 on lysine(373) leads to its enhanced stabilization/activity and increased susceptibility of cells to stress. However, it is not known whether acetylation of p53 is altered in the hippocampus following global cerebral ischemia (GCI) or is regulated by the hormone, 17β-estradiol (17β-E(2)), and thus, this stud...

Estrogens fluctuate across the lifespan in women, with circulating 17β-estradiol levels higher pre-menopause than estrone and circulating estrone levels higher postmenopause than 17β-estradiol. Estrone is a common component of hormone replacement therapies, but research shows that 17β-estradiol may have a greater positive impact on cognition. Previous studies show that acute estrone and 17β-est...

Estrogen (17β-estradiol) has been implicated in maintaining insulin sensitivity. It is thought to act predominantly through genomic pathways and regulate the expression of various genes via binding to estrogen receptors (ERs)-α and -β. 17β-estradiol has been reported to simultaneously stimulate protein kinase B (Akt) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in ex vivo skeleta...

The molecular mechanisms underlying protection and pathogenesis in spinal degenerative diseases remain unclear. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis of inte rvertebral disc (IVD) cells during IVD degeneration, and 17β‑estradiol (17β‑E2) has a protective effect against IVD cell apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which 17β‑E2 protects nu...

The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the effects of adding a CIDR to the Ovsynch protocol on plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β and progesterone and conception in dairy cows with cystic ovarian diseases and 2) to examine associations among the estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations and conception. Cows were diagnosed as having cystic ovarian diseases if they were found t...

Male cystic fibrosis (CF) patients survive longer than females and lung exacerbations in CF females vary during the estrous cycle. Estrogen has been reported to reduce the height of the airway surface liquid (ASL) in female CF bronchial epithelium. Here we investigated the effect of 17β-estradiol on the airway surface liquid height and ion transport in normal (NuLi-1) and CF (CuFi-1) bronchial ...