The existence of genetic variation for resistance in host populations is assumed to be essential to the spread of an emerging virus. Models predict that the rate of spread slows down with the increasing frequency and higher diversity of resistance alleles in the host population. We have been using the experimental pathosystem Arabidopsis thaliana-tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) to explore the inte...

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition three maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) ecotypes (yellow, black, and red) their in vitro fermentation characteristics antioxidant effects on cow rumen liquor. were added a total mixed ratio (TMR) different doses (0, 150, 300 mg/g) incubated under anaerobic conditions for 120 h. Methane production recorded after 24 h incubation. Antio...

eighteen wheat breeding lines were evaluated along with two check cultivars across nine locations of temperate zone of iran during two crop seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005). field records were taken for some important traits especially grain yield. combined anova for nine locations in the first season and for seven locations in both seasons was undertaken. in each case, additive main effects a...

in order to investigate the absorption and translocation of glyphosate and 2,4-d during various stages of growth in swallow-worts weed populations, this study was carried out in 2010 at the iranian agricultural, medical and industerial research institute of atomic energy organization. treatments used in this study included three different stages of growth, four weed ecotypes of swallow-worts, a...

Natural populations of the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus exist as two main ecotypes, inhabiting different layers of the ocean's photic zone. These so-called high light- (HL-) and low light (LL-) adapted ecotypes are both physiologically and genetically distinct. HL strains can be separated into two major clades (HLI and HLII), whereas LL strains are more diverse. Here, we used several m...

The process of plant speciation often involves the evolution of divergent ecotypes in response to differences in soil water availability between habitats. While the same set of traits is frequently associated with xeric/mesic ecotype divergence, it is unknown whether those traits evolve independently or if they evolve in tandem as a result of genetic colocalization either by pleiotropy or genet...

Background and objectives: The Mullein genus is the largest genus of Scrophulariaceae family which has extensive natural habitat in southwest of Iran. Mullein contains compounds such as phenolic compounds, mucilage, saponins and anthocyanin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of mullein ecotypes in Iran. Methods: <...