. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Materials and Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Ni-catalyzed Si-based heterostructure nanowires grown on crystal Si substrates by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) were studied. The nanowires which included NiSi nanowires, NiSi/Si core-shell nanowires, and NiSi/SiC core-shell nanowires were grown by varying the filament temperature T f from 1150 to 1850 °C. At a T f of 1450 °C, the heterostructure nanowires were formed by crystallin...

W. F. BYNUM and ROY PORTER (editors), Medicalfringe andmedical orthodoxy 1750-1850, London, Croom Helm, 1986, 8vo, pp. ix, 274, £30.00. In their neat introduction to this volume the editors state its programme: to examine "how the relations between regular and irregular medicine have been constituted in particular fields at particular times". Or more specifically: "the essays in this book are n...

the discovery of antitoxins (von Behring and Kitasato), the standardization of toxins and anti-toxins, the distinction between active and passive immunization (Ehrlich), bacteriolysis (Pfeiffer), haemolysis, agglutination of blood corpuscles as a diagnostic test, the opsonic index, and prophylaxis and treatment of many diseases by vaccines. In certain diseases, for example, cerebro-spinal menin...

cerned with all organic phenomena and thus embraced pathology. Furthermore, fever was seen by R6schlaub not as disease per se as hitherto but as a symptom of an anomaly in the normally balanced relationship between the organism and its external environment. But above all, Brown's theory of excitability offered an intellectual basis for therapy. Tsouyopoulos shows convincingly that the crisis of...

stated that he brought the test case on behalf of general practitioners who were caught between the uncertainty of the law and pressure from patients. This suggests that public pressure had a role to play in medico-legal developments which cannot be viewed entirely in a vacuum. While Keown is concerned to trace the legal interpretation of biological facts, Norman Ford, a Catholic philosopher, s...