in the plane of the axon, it was sometimes possible to follow an axon from its cell of origin to its termination. Modern methods for orthograde and retrograde tracing methods have allowed a much more complete picture of the connections of the nervous system than Cajal could achieve. Also, because Cajal's studies were often based on embryonic or neo-natal material, they may in some instances giv...

Between 1889-1890, an influenza pandemic ravaged the world, 30 years before «Spanish flu». Despite its importance, it has not been object of much attention, due to difficulty access statistical sources that would allow study. In this article we intend analyse impact pandemic, known as «Russian flu», in municipality Guimarães, with special emphasis on pace and levels mortality morbidity. It was ...

A new subfamily, Delturinae, is described to accommodate the loricariid catfish genera Delturus Egenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 and Hemipsilichthys Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, a clade recently demonstrated to be the sister group of all remaining loricariids except Lithogenes . The genus Hemipsilichthys is restricted to three species, H. gobio (Lütken, 1874), its sister species H. papillatus Pereira...

The recent global outbreak of human cases of swine origin influenza A (H1N1) has spread fear that this virus will be of pandemic proportions causing high morbidity and mortality. While it is too early to determine the pandemic nature of swine origin influenza A (H1N1), it may be useful to look at the history of influenza pandemics described since recorded history. The first well-documented outb...